Herbaceous Exam 1:

What are the three main types of leaf arrangement?

Alternate, Opposite, Whorled

What are the two main types of leaf venation?

Parallel (monocots) and Net/Reticulate (dicots)

How do you properly format a plant name?

Genus species (italicized), followed by cultivar in single quotes (not italicized).

What must be included for a plant name to be validly published?

Description, type specimen, publication in a recognized source.

What is the National Wetland Plant List (NWPL)?

A classification system that ranks plants by likelihood of occurring in wetlands, used for wetland delineation and permitting.

What are the three broad categories used in wetland delineation?

Vegetation, Hydrology, Soils

Name one best practice for minimizing impact during a field survey.

Stay on established paths, minimize trampling, and clean your boots/equipment to prevent the spread of invasive species.

What is a plant community?

An assemblage of plant species that occur together and interact with each other and the environment.

What is a transect sampling method?

A straight-line survey where plants are recorded at intervals to estimate community composition.

Which Actaea blooms in the spring, and which blooms in the fall?

Actaea pachypoda blooms in spring; Actaea racemosa blooms in fall.

How do you distinguish Rudbeckia triloba from R. laciniata?

R. triloba = smaller, tri-lobed leaves; R. laciniata = larger, deeply cut leaves.

Which Asclepias prefers wetlands vs dry meadows?

Asclepias incarnata = wetlands; Asclepias tuberosa = dry meadows.

Which family has square stems, opposite leaves, and is aromatic?

Lamiaceae (Mint family)

Sedges have edges" refers to which family?

Cyperaceae

Which family has pea-like flowers with banner, wings, and keel?

Fabaceae

Which family has composite flowers made of disk and ray florets?

Asteraceae

Which family has mucilaginous qualities and stamens fused into a central column?

Malvaceae

Which family has flower parts in 4s and a 4-lobed stigma?

Onagraceae

Which of the following is not part of wetland delineation?A) HydrologyB) SoilsC) ClimateD) Vegetation

C) Climate

Which of these plants would do best in a sunny meadow with no shade?A) Asclepias tuberosaB) Symplocarpus foetidusC) Peltandra virginicaD) Sagittaria latifolia

A) Asclepias tuberosa

Cultivar names should be italicized.

False (they are not italicized, written in single quotes).

Symphyotrichum is in the Asteraceae family.

True

In taxonomy, the _________ is always capitalized and italicized, while the _________ is lowercase and italicized.

Genus; species

A transect is used in plant community surveys to reduce ________ in data collection.

Bias

Explain how Asclepias incarnata and A. tuberosa differ in habitat and appearance.

A. incarnata grows in wetlands, has pink flowers, and requires moist soils; A. tuberosa grows in dry meadows, has orange flowers, and prefers well-drained soils.

Why is the NWPL system important for environmental work?

It helps determine wetland boundaries, guides restoration, and informs regulatory permitting by categorizing plants based on wetland likelihood.