Community Test 1

1. A nurse is striving to practice patient-centered care at a hospital. Which action best exemplifies providing patient-centered care?

A) Having a client complete a self-reported functional status indicator and then reviewing it with the client

B) Explaining to a client the benefits of computer-assisted robotic surgical techniques, which the hospital recently implemented

C) Recording a client's signs and symptoms in an electronic health record

D) Performing continuous glucose monitoring of a client while the client is in the hospital

A) Having a client complete a self-reported functional status indicator and then reviewing it with the client

2. A nurse is caring for an older client who is struggling to manage her type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should recognize which social determinants of this client's health? (Select all that apply.)

A) Household income of $23,000 per year

B) Reading level of a third grader

C) Medication ineffective due to error in prescription

D) Originally from Sudan

E) No family in the area

A, B, D, E

3. A nurse successfully persuades an obese client to perform a weekly weigh-in at home using a digital scale and record the weight in a log. This strategy is an example of:

A) Telehealth

B) Health information technology

C) Personal responsibility for health

D) Evidence-based nursing

C) Personal responsibility for health

4.A nurse performs a variety of tasks as part of the nurse's position at a hospital. Which task best exemplifies public health?

A) Reading current nursing journals and integrating the latest research into daily practice

B) Instructing a client on how to best care for a suture site at home

C) Participating in a videoconference call with a client who lives in a remote area

D) Facilitating a community-wide smoking cessation program one month out of the year

D) Facilitating a community-wide smoking cessation program one month out of the year

5.Public health nursing is distinguished from other specialties by adherence to eight principles. Which is one of the eight domains of public health nursing practice?

A) Analytic assessment skills

B) Investigation of disease

C) Referral and follow-up

D) Case management

A) Analytic assessment skills

6. Public health nursing is distinguished from other specialties by adherence to eight principles. Which is one of the eight domains of public health nursing practice?

A) Policy development and individual planning skills

B) Individual dimensions of practice skills

C) Financial planning and management skills

D) Leadership and individual critical thinking skills

C) Financial planning and management skills

7.Public health nursing is distinguished from other specialties by adherence to eight principles. Which are domains of public health nursing practice? (Select all that apply.)

A) Intuitive assessment skills

B)Community organization skills

C)Communication skills

D)Cultural competency skills

E)Product marketing skills

C)Communication skills

D)Cultural competency skills

8.Which was a duty performed by district nurses in Liverpool, England, in 1865?

A)Use epidemiologic knowledge and methods

B)Encourage community organization

C)Report facts to and ask questions of physicians

D)Assist physicians with surgery in the newly constructed hospitals

C)Report facts to and ask questions of physicians

9.Which is a Healthy People 2020 goal?

A)Decrease the incidence of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death

B)Reduce health inequity, decrease disparities, and improve the health of certain groups

C)Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all

D)Promote healthy development and healthy behaviors for the geriatric stage of life

C)Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all

10.A nurse is coordinating a plan to bring vaccinations in a cost-effective way to a rural community that currently lacks access to them. This is an example of which public health intervention?

A)Surveillance

B)Outreach

C)Screening

D)Case management

D)Case management

11.The nurse is locating populations in her region who are exposed to lead-based paint and providing them with information regarding the dangers of lead poisoning. This is an example of which public health intervention?

A)Surveillance

B)Outreach

C)Screening

D)Case management

B)Outreach

12.Select the great public health achievements in the United States in the 20th century. (Select all that apply.)

A)Elimination of common infectious diseases

B)Recognition of tobacco as a health hazard

C)Fluoridation of drinking water

D)Healthier mothers and babies

E)Decline in the percentage of obese and overweight people

B, C, D

13.Demographic characteristics indicate that people in developed countries are living longer, healthier lives, yet tremendous health and social disparities exist. Which describes social determinants of health?

A)What society does collectively to ensure the conditions exist in which people can be healthy

B)Social conditions in which people live and work

C)Context of preventing disease and disability and promoting and protecting the health of the entire community

D)Comprehensive management of health information and its secure exchange between consumers, providers, government and quality entities, and insurers

B)Social conditions in which people live and work

14. Why is there an increasing use of home monitoring devices? (Select all that apply.)

A)Rising number of people with acute conditions

B)Increased need to deliver healthcare to medically underserved populations

C)Advances in technology to assess clients' conditions in their home

D)Performing assessments in real time using Internet video systems

E)Decline in the number of older adults

B,C,D

15.Personal responsibility for health involves active participation in one's own health through education and lifestyle changes. Which exemplify personal responsibility? (Select all that apply.)

A)Reviewing one's own medical records

B)Monitoring the positive and negative effects of prescription and over-the-counter medications

C)Avoiding tobacco and recreational drug use

D)Showing up for scheduled tests and procedures

E)Eating the types of foods one most enjoys

A,B ,C,D

16.Why has there been an increase in the number of acute and chronically ill people residing in the community who need professional nursing care?

A)Shorter length of stay in long-term care facilities

B)Increase in ambulatory surgery

C)Decrease in the use of outpatient clinics

D)Increase in length of stay in emergency departments

B)Increase in ambulatory surgery

17.Which organization publishes and articulates the essentials of public health nursing, including the activities and accountabilities that are characteristics of practice at all levels and settings?

A)Association of Community Health Nurse Educators (ACHNE)

B)American Nurses Association (ANA)

C)American Public Health Association (APHA)

D)Association of State and Territorial Directors of Nursing (ASTDN)

B)American Nurses Association (ANA)

18.A high school graduate has decided to pursue a career in public health nursing. Which represents the minimum educational credential that this student will need to obtain entry into public health nursing practice?

A)Associate's

B)Baccalaureate

C)Master's

D)Doctorate

B)Baccalaureate

19.Who prepared a report for the Massachusetts Sanitary Commission that pointed out that much of the ill health and disability in American cities in 1850 could be traced to unsanitary conditions?

A)Clara Barton

B)Dorothea Dix

C)Lemuel Shattuck

D)Lillian Wald

C)Lemuel Shattuck

20.Who achieved widespread recognition during the Civil War, distributing supplies to wounded soldiers and caring for the casualties with the help of a team of nurses?

A)Clara Barton

B)Dorothea Dix

C)Lemuel Shattuck

D)Lillian Wald

A) CLARA BARTON

21.Which core functions of the government address the health of its citizens? (Select all that apply.)

A)Providing healthcare directly to its citizens

B)Assessing healthcare problems

C)Developing healthcare policy that provides access to services

D)Building state-of-the-art hospitals

E)Ensuring delivery of healthcare services and achievement of desired outcomes

B,C,E

C) Physician visits can take 15 to 30 minutes

1.Which characterizes physicians in France?

A)

Physicians are evenly distributed between rural and urban areas

B)

About 40% of physicians are women

C)

Physician visits can take 15 to 30 minutes

D)

Physicians see about 15 clients a day

A)

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

2. A nurse is interested in exploring initiatives related to health, poverty, and development in Africa. Which organization would most likely be involved in such an initiative?

A)

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

B)

Living Proof Project

C)

International Committee of the Red Cross

D)

Oxfam International

B)

Agency that acquires resources to help others from private rather than public sources

3.Which best describes a nongovernmental organization?

A)

Agency that is based in only one country but provides services to many other countries

B)

Agency that acquires resources to help others from private rather than public sources

C)

A group that collects data related to healthcare use across a variety of professional and service parameters

D)

An organization that uses endowed funds or private fundraising to address the needs of individuals, families, and populations

D)

The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)

4.Which best exemplifies a bilateral agency?

A)

The United Nations

B)

The World Health Organization (WHO)

C)

The World Bank

D)

The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)

A,B,D,E

5.Which public health entities are often regulated by the U.S. federal government? (Select all that apply.)

A)

Food

B)

Medications

C)

School health

D)

Devices

E)

Environment

A)

United States Department of Health and Human Services

6. A nurse is coordinating an initiative in the community to make sure that the healthcare needs of local refugees and asylees are recognized and addressed. Which federal agency should this nurse contact, as it is directly involved with the health and healthcare of refugees and asylees in the United States?

A)

United States Department of Health and Human Services

B)

National Institutes of Health

C)

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

D)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

D)

To establish a free exercise program at a community center to promote fitness in a low-income neighborhood with high obesity rates

7. Which best exemplifies a public health goal in the United States?

A)

To restore the ability of an 80-year-old to perform activities of daily living after a stroke

B)

To lobby for legislation that ensures the accessibility to health insurance on the basis of one's health

C)

To develop treatments to address symptoms related to chemotherapy

D)

To establish a free exercise program at a community center to promote fitness in a low-income neighborhood with high obesity rates

A)

Individual care with a focus on cure

8. In the United States, the system of healthcare has historically given and continues to give stronger support to which types of care?

A)

Individual care with a focus on cure

B)

Community care with a focus on cure

C)

Individual care with a focus on prevention

D)

Community care with a focus on prevention

C) TRICARE

9. A nurse works predominantly with clients who are active military personnel. Which publically funded program provides health benefits to this population?

A)

Medicare

B)

Medicaid

C)

TRICARE

D)

CHIP

D)

An organization that uses endowed funds or private fundraising to address the needs of individuals, families, and populations

10. Which best describes a philanthropic organization?

A)

Agency that is based in only one country but provides services to many other countries

B)

Agency that acquires resources to help others from private rather than public sources

C)

A group that collects data related to healthcare use across a variety of professional and service parameters

D)

An organization that uses endowed funds or private fundraising to address the needs of individuals, families, and populations

D) UNITED STATES

11. Which country spends the most on healthcare?

A)

Canada

B)

England

C)

Japan

D)

United States

D)

Prescription medications

12.Which is the fastest growing healthcare expenditure in the United States?

A)

Healthcare technology

B)

Hospital care

C)

Outpatient treatment and surgery

D)

Prescription medications

B) 3

13. National Health Expenditure Accounts are a measure of expenditures on healthcare goods and services in the United States. In the most recent set of estimates, expenditures totaled what percentage of U.S. health spending?

A)

2

B)

3

C)

4

D)

5

A,B,D,E

14. The client is a single mother of two who earns minimum wage at a part-time job and never graduated from high school. Which healthcare-related outcomes is the client at increased risk for, based on her circumstances? (Select all that apply.)

A)

Morbidity

B)

Mortality

C)

Genetic disorder

D)

Difficulty accessing care

E)

Negative outcomes when receiving care

A,B,C,D

15. The Department of Health and Human Services has identified several areas for which health disparities exist among various demographic groups and need to be addressed. Which are included among these areas? (Select all that apply.)

A)

Infant mortality

B)

Cancer screening

C)

Cardiovascular disease

D)

Diabetes

E)

End-stage renal disease

D)

Health administrator

16.A nurse in the Canadian healthcare system is concerned because a client has been denied a surgical procedure that the nurse believes is essential to the client's recovery. Who should the nurse expect will have the most power to reverse this decision?

A)

Nurse practitioner

B)

Physicians

C)

Private insurance company

D)

Health administrator

C)

An average hospital stay of 9 days

17.Which is characteristic of the German healthcare system?

A)

Health insurance payments based on risk, not income

B)

Ambulatory care provided by centralized nonprofit hospitals

C)

An average hospital stay of 9 days

D)

Nurse practitioners operating independently

B)

Dual-level payment system

18. Which type of payment system does the Netherlands have?

A)

Universal long-term payment system

B)

Dual-level payment system

C)

Private health insurance linked to employment

D)

Free health insurance paid by the government

C)

Receives funding from both governmental and nongovernmental sources

19. Which best describes a multilateral agency?

A)

Is based in only one country but provides services to many other countries

B)

Is responsible for the health and welfare of citizens nationally

C)

Receives funding from both governmental and nongovernmental sources

D)

Acquires resources to help others from private rather than public sources

C)

Women's health

20. The International Council of Nurses (ICN) is a federation of more than 130 national nurses associations, representing more than 13 million nurses worldwide. In which area is the International Council of Nurses particularly active?

A)

Basic nursing practice

B)

Secondary healthcare

C)

Women's health

D)

Safe immunization programs

C)

International Committee of the Red Cross

21. A hurricane recently struck a nurse's hometown, and the nurse on behalf of the hospital is coordinating local relief efforts with nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Which organization should this nurse most expect to work with in this situation?

A)

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

B)

Living Proof Project

C)

International Committee of the Red Cross

D)

Oxfam International

A,C,E

1. Which are recommendations made by the World Health Organization's Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH)? (Select all that apply.)

A)Improve conditions under which all people are born, grow, live, work, and age

B)Provide increased funding for research of genetic disorders

C)Ensure more equitable distribution of power, money, and resources

D)Instill a sense of personal responsibility for one's health in each person

E)Expand knowledge of the social determinants of health

Ans:

A,B,C,E

2. The nurse is in charge of a local community program that uses a logic model as a planning and communication tool. Which key components are included in this model? (Select all that apply.)

A)Milestones for completing a community health clinic

B)Plan to conduct cholesterol screenings

C)Need for a nurse practitioner to manage the clinic

D)Malaria prevention programs for developing nations

E)Possible locations for the health clinic

B,C,D

3. Which characterize health inequities? (Select all that apply.)

A)Necessary

B)Unfair

C)Resulting from social injustices

D)Avoidable

E)Natural

A,B,D

4. Which changes in the environment (second level from the bottom of the health impact pyramid) make the choice for a healthy behavior the default or easy choice? (Select all that apply.)

A)Iodization of salt

B)Restrictions on smoking in public places

C)Community immunization programs

D)Changing food manufacturing to eliminate trans fats

E)Treatment of hypertension

A,E

5. Which exemplify clinical interventions (the level just above the middle of the health impact pyramid)? (Select all that apply.)

A)Administration of insulin injections for diabetes

B)Restrictions on smoking in public places

C)Community immunization programs

D)Instruction provided by a nurse regarding proper nutrition

E)Treatment of hypertension

C)Blood pressure for children aged 12 to 18 years in Marks School will be reduced by 5% after petting the dog for 1 day in March 2019.

6. The nurse prepares community program objectives that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time bound (SMART) to help in planning interventions and establishing measurement systems to evaluate programs and outcomes. Which is a measurable objective?

A)Program will reduce teenage obesity.

B)Fewer teens will start smoking.

C)Blood pressure for children aged 12 to 18 years in Marks School will be reduced by 5% after petting the dog for 1 day in March 2019.

D)Number of older minority residents in Legacy Independent facility receiving a flu shot will triple.

A,B,D

7. Which aspects of Lewin's change theory will help people visualize and create needed change? (Select all that apply.)

A)Unfreezing the status quo

B)Changing or moving to a new state

C)Enforcing the status quo

D)Refreezing to sustain the change or changes made

E)Increasing restraining forces

C)Identifying the forces driving the change and those resisting it

8. Which most accurately describes the purpose of force field analysis?

A)Unfreezing the status quo

B)Changing or moving to a new state

C)Identifying the forces driving the change and those resisting it

D)Refreezing to sustain the change or changes made

D)Downstream

9.The nurse researches whether the community would benefit from monthly blood pressure clinics. Which system level would such an intervention address?

A)Upstream

B)Mainstream

C)Sidestream

D)Downstream

A)Upstream

10. As an advocate for leukemia research, the nurse along with many others succeeded in urging the U.S. Congress to debate and vote on a bill that significantly increases federal funding for this research. Which system level would such an intervention address?

A)Upstream

B)Mainstream

C)Sidestream

D)Downstream

B,D,E

11. Select the examples of social marketing. (Select all that apply.)

A)Ad campaign for a new brand of toothpaste

B)Brochure placed in obstetricians' offices promoting the benefits of breastfeeding

C)Infomercial on television presenting the advantages of a piece of exercise equipment

D)Billboard illustrating the dangers of texting while driving

E)Posters placed in college dormitories encouraging condom use

A,B,C

12. The nurse decided to approach local organizations for financial and in-kind support for a new community health initiative. On which local resources can the nurse draw? (Select all that apply.)

A)Catholic church

B)Branch of Bank of America

C)Car dealership

D)Community Transformation Grant

E)The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

A,C,D,E

13. The nurse researches the role of nurse-managed health centers in the city. Which are common characteristics of these centers? (Select all that apply.)

A)Led by advanced-practice nurses

B)Serve upper-income mothers and children

C)Emphasize health promotion, disease prevention, and health education

D)Provide clinical practice for nursing students and faculty

E)Offer specialized programs to meet the needs of specific population aggregates

A)Sustainability

14. The nurse is reviewing the sources of funding for the local community health intervention program on smoking cessation. In the federal grant proposal, the nurse elaborates on all the various local organizations and private foundations that have pledged to support the program after initial funding from the grant ends. The nurse also explains the plan for ongoing fundraising efforts for the program for years to come. With these comments, the nurse is attempting to establish which essential component of funding?

A)Sustainability

B)Program replication

C)Clinical expertise

D)Accountability

B) Program replication

15. After successfully implementing and managing a smoking cessation program in an inner-city neighborhood for 5 years, the group expands the efforts to include a nearby rural community. After a challenging first year, the nurse finds that with a few modifications the program is proving successful in the rural setting, as well. Which essential component of program design has been established by success in the rural community?

A)Sustainability

B)Program replication

C)Clinical expertise

D)Accountability

A,C,D

16. The nurse reviews the job descriptions of the community health workers who work with community health nurses and other members of the program team. These workers are responsible for: (Select all that apply.)

A)Serving as a cultural and language bridge to members of target population

B)Performing minor surgical procedures

C)Providing health education and outreach to community

D)Offering assistance in accessing services

E)Prescribing commonly used medications

A,B,C

17. The nurse reviews the logic model and formal evaluation plan of a grant proposal on a community rabies program. Which requirements should be included in the plan to support accountability? (Select all that apply.)

A)Regular communication about funds that were not used

B)Details of program activities

C)Report of areas where there is no progress toward program goals

D)Proof that the program can be reproduced effectively in other settings

E)Explanation of how the program will be funded after grant funding expires

B)Ability to reproduce a successful program within a different community

C)Ability to re

18. Which best defines program replication?

A)Ability to replicate a successful program in the same community a second time

B)Ability to reproduce a successful program within a different community

C)Ability to replicate a successful program with a new sample aggregate

D)Ability to implement a successful program with the same population aggregate

C,D,E

19. The nurse is in the process of forming a coalition to support a community flu shot program. Which step should the nurse take as part of this process? (Select all that apply.)

A)Assign members of the coalition to tasks in a random manner.

B)Seek out people with similar opinions and roles in the community.

C)Consider how each member of the coalition and the organization or group represented will benefit from the work of the coalition.

D)Understand group dynamics and members' motives for serving.

E)Form a group that is heterogeneous but able to show mutual respect.

B)Father being challenged to stop smoking because his daughter learned of the hazards of smoking from a smoke cessation program at her middle school

20. Which best illustrates systems theory?

A)School systems in two different counties each setting up their own independent afterschool exercise programs

B)Father being challenged to stop smoking because his daughter learned of the hazards of smoking from a smoke cessation program at her middle school

C)Hospital requiring all of its nurses to wear an identification badge while on duty

D)Physician in one state deciding to stop accepting Medicaid clients, while another physician in another state begins accepting Medicaid clients

C)Develop evaluation questions

21.Which is the first step in developing a plan for evaluating a community-level intervention?

A)Determine indicators or measures to answer evaluation questions

B)Decide what method you will use to collect data

C)Develop evaluation questions

D)Decide how you will communicate your results

B)Identify a method to improve the health of at-risk clients

1.Community assessment is a critical process for the future because it can:

A)Identify the need for a community commission

B)Identify a method to improve the health of at-risk clients

C)Provide a means of grant funding for clinics

D)Provide a client base for at-risk neighborhoods

A)Initiation of neighborhood clinics at low or no cost to the community

2. The nurse conducts a community assessment in a town once supported by multiple paper factories. The factories closed 2 years ago and most of the population is now out of work. The school nurse notes that 68% of the students are behind schedule in their physicals and immunizations. On the basis of this community assessment, the nurse should recommend:

A)Initiation of neighborhood clinics at low or no cost to the community

B)Creation of a task force to assess the impact of low income on immunization compliance

C)A formal petition to the local government to mandate immunizations by imposing monetary fines on parents whose children are not immunized

D)A tax relief program for new companies wishing to settle in the community

C)All of the company's employees and include those living outside the community as part of the aggregate

3. While completing a community assessment, the nurse notes that the computer companies in the community hire a disproportionate number of their employees from local suburban communities rather than the community in which the company is housed. To create an accurate assessment, the nurse should collect data on:

A)All of the company's employees but count those living outside the community separately, as outliers

B)Only the employees that live in the community, disregarding the others as statistically irrelevant

C)All of the company's employees and include those living outside the community as part of the aggregate

D)Only the employees that live in the community in your initial assessment; then collect data on the others as part of a separate assessment for the community in which they live.

C)Community of solution

4. Many in the community have developed cancer. The EPA has discovered a leak of biohazardous waste from a local factory that has leached into the water table. The area is decontaminated and cleaned. The community identifies the need for a local hospice for those with cancer who are dying. Area communities participate in the fund drive. This type of community effort may best be described as:

A)Geopolitical community

B)Epidemiologic model

C)Community of solution

D)Developmental model

A,C,D

5. At an international nurses' conference, nurses from all around the world make contact. The various communities represented at this conference most likely: (Select all that apply.)

A)Vary significantly in composition

B)Have no shared interests and goals related to health and safety

C)Are challenged in their attempts to identify its members

D)Thought of as members of a global community

E)Do not need to assess their communities' needs because they are obvious

B)Use multiple methods or perspectives

6.The nurse conducts a community assessment. The community is large and the members range from affluent executives to poor migrant workers. To most accurately assess the community, the nurse should:

A)Use a questionnaire written on a fifth-grade reading level

B)Use multiple methods or perspectives

C)Interview a subpopulation of each group represented

D)Analyze census data

A)Subjective data

7. The community health nurse assesses the neighborhood in which the clients live. When observing the physical environment, the nurse notes that most of the homes in the neighborhood are well kept and the children playing in the yards are wearing clean clothing. The children appear well nourished. The nurse determines that the neighborhood has little need for a well-child clinic. This assessment is based on:

A)Subjective data

B)Objective data

C)Cognitive analysis

D)Valid data

C)Develop school-based education programs for both the children and their caregivers

8. The community health nurse is responsible for the general health of the community on multiple levels. The nurse discovers an increase in the number of sick days used by children aged 7 to 11 years at the local elementary school in recent weeks. Research indicates that the families of asthmatic children tend to be less educated and less likely to comply with current treatment plans. Using the epidemiologic approach, the next step in the care plan should be to:

A)Conduct a broad-based survey of all families with asthmatic children within several communities

B)Determine trends that interfere with family problem-solving techniques

C)Develop school-based education programs for both the children and their caregivers

D)Submit a proposal to the town for neighborhood asthma clinics

B)Research the vaccine compliance in the school

9. The school nurse notifies the community nurse that there have been five confirmed cases of pertussis in the sixth-grade classes. In addition to responding to the cluster of cases, the community nurse should immediately:

A)Recommend that the school be closed

B)Research the vaccine compliance in the school

C)Recommend that notes be sent home to the parents regarding a pertussis epidemic

D)Consult with the infection control physician at the local hospital

B)Implement education in the school setting regarding respiratory and hand hygiene

10. There are 12 students with confirmed cases of the H1N1 flu in grades 6 to 8 at the local middle school in the community. The community nurse advises the caregivers of the ill children to keep the children home for a minimum of 5 to 7 days. Which should be the nurse's next step?

A)Recommend closing the school for 6 weeks

B)Implement education in the school setting regarding respiratory and hand hygiene

C)Require each child in the school to undergo a physical evaluation by the school nurse

D)Initiate a system of discipline in the school setting for improper hand washing

C)The information will help to effectively assess the community

11.The new community health nurse introduces herself to the local minister and attends various neighborhood meetings. The nurse learns about the ethics, values, and culture of the neighborhood. The community is vocal about the need for public safety and the care of the homeless, especially in the winter. Which is the best rationale for considering all of the influences in the neighborhood affecting their health and well-being?

A)The information can be used to obtain funds to create shelters for the homeless

B)A neighborhood watch may be created with police support

C)The information will help to effectively assess the community

D)It will help the nurse create a controlled clinical environment

C)Target education and support programs

12. The community health nurse learns that there are statistically high levels of obesity and elevated cholesterol in the community. In addition, the community has a disproportionately high number of fast food restaurants, compared with surrounding communities. Which would be the most appropriate next step, based on these data?

A)Gather support in the community to ban fast foods

B)Gather further information regarding trans fats

C)Target education and support programs

D)Create local exercise programs

A)Geographic information systems

13.The community health nurse explores pedestrian access to all healthcare facilities in the community. Which tool would be most helpful in performing this task?

A)Geographic information systems

B)Functional health pattern

C)Epidemiologic model

D)Developmental model

D)Functional health pattern

14.Which type of assessment considers a configuration of behaviors that occur sequentially over time?

A)Asset-based assessment

B)Epidemiologic model

C)Collaborative model

D)Functional health pattern

A,B,D

15.The nurse assesses a community undergoing change. Five years ago, a series of setbacks caused the local foundry to close. Through interviews, the nurse discovers that generations of families worked at the foundry. Research indicates that no other businesses have been able to provide work for those who no longer work at the foundry. Developmental data gathered through this research into the community's history will help the nurse: (Select all that apply.)

A)Determine what resources were available before the foundry closed

B)Determine what variables may have enhanced or detracted from community development

C)Develop an understanding of the community's strengths and resources today

D)Understand cultural changes within the community over time

E)Identify where in the community health clinics are most needed

A)Make the assessment process empowering to the community

16. The community is concerned about public safety and the care of their elders living at home. When the nurse assesses the community, the nurse finds there is potential to solve their problems within the community setting without outside resources. The plans to meet the community needs are accepted by the members of the community. Which action has been most successfully demonstrated in your assessment of this community?

A)Make the assessment process empowering to the community

B)Assess the community through interview and share findings in a timely manner

C)Involve the community when there is difficulty with the assessment

D)Create an environment of change within the community

D)Shift the focus from dependency to empowerment

17. When the community collaborates in a plan to create services and education to enhance their health and well-being, the plan is most likely to:

A)Create an environment that fosters change

B)Have an increased rate of success

C)Empower the community but diminish the rate of success

D)Shift the focus from dependency to empowerment

D)Collaborate with other health care workers and the clients

18.The community health nurse works in a community recently devastated by a tornado. Many of the survivors are cared for in their homes. Care is needed for those who are ill, recovering, or in hospice. To provide the most holistic and effective care to the community, the nurse should:

A)Refer the clients to an outreach center

B)Consult with the hospice nurse and the social worker

C)Provide care according to the physician's orders

D)Collaborate with other health care workers and the clients

B,D

19.Following a hurricane, the disaster team chooses to use a collaborative model to assess the needs of the community. Each team member is given a community analysis and assigned the task to create a tentative plan of action. Why would the use of a collaborative model hamper the progress of the assessment and plan in a disaster? (Select all that apply.)

A)Individual decision-making creates bias.

B)Assessment is time-consuming.

C)Approach to problem solving is linear.

D)Approaches must be preestablished.

E)Collaboration is limited.

B)Internet—aggregate data

20.The nurse is approached by the health department to investigate and assess the rise in developmental disabilities in an isolated section in the community. To begin the assessment, the nurse should gather objective data from which source?

A)Client interview—aggregate data

B)Internet—aggregate data

C)Internet—Wikipedia

D)Direct observation of the area

A) 72-year-old woman with well-managed diabetes who walks 2 miles every day and

takes classes at the local community college

1.Which example best illustrates the World Health Organization's definition of health?

A) 72-year-old woman with well-managed diabetes who walks 2 miles every day and

takes classes at the local community college

B) 20-year-old man with no significant history of disease who smokes, works a

stressful job, and is sedentary

C) 50-year-old woman with no health complaints who is alcoholic, lives alone with

little social contact, and is obese

D) 98-year-old man with dementia who resides in an assisted living facility

B) Average number of years that a person can expect to live in ìfull healthî by taking

into account years lived in less than full health due to disease and/or injury

2.The nurse collects specific data related to risk factors, health indicators, and health

outcomes that determine the burden of disease. Which data would the measure known as

HALE yield about health indicators and outcomes?

A) Average number of years a newborn is expected to live if current mortality rates

continue to apply

B) Average number of years that a person can expect to live in ìfull healthî by taking

into account years lived in less than full health due to disease and/or injury

C) Quantifying the burden of disease to a healthy life on the basis of the loss of years

related to the burden of disease. The gap in years reflects the current state of

health compared with an optimum state of health of a nation.

D) Quantifying the burden of acute illness to a healthy life on the basis of the loss of

years related to the burden of acute illness. The gap in years reflects the current

state of health compared with an optimum state of health of a nation.

B) Every day 800 women die due to complications of pregnancy and childbirth.

3.The nurse prepares a presentation about the World Health Organization's World Health

Statistics Report for 2013. Which trend is mentioned in this report?

A) Children in low-income countries are 2 times more likely to die before reaching

the age of 5 years than children in high-income countries.

B) Every day 800 women die due to complications of pregnancy and childbirth.

C) Zimbabwe now has a higher life expectancy than 7 out of 10 countries in Eastern

Europe.

D) Almost 5% of the world's adult population has diabetes.

A) Burning of wood and dung for cooking and heat

B) Low status of women

D) Not wrapping an infant immediately after birth

4.Which risk factor for poor health is associated with low- and middle-income countries?

(Select all that apply.)

A) Burning of wood and dung for cooking and heat

B) Low status of women

C) Sedentary lifestyle

D) Not wrapping an infant immediately after birth

E) Overconsumption of fatty foods

B) Distribute a mosquito bed net to every home in the nation.

D) Increase the number of girls who attend primary schools by 100%.

E) Provide training on prevention of postpartum hemorrhage to all healthcare

workers.

5.The nurse is assigned to prepare the yearly goals for the community health agency in a

developing nation. Which goals, on the basis of the United Nations' Millennium

Development Goals for improving global health, should the nurse include? (Select all

that apply.)

A) Initiate an afterschool sports program at every school in the nation to increase

physical activity among children.

B) Distribute a mosquito bed net to every home in the nation.

C) Provide 1 million free allergy shots to people at highest risk.

D) Increase the number of girls who attend primary schools by 100%.

E) Provide training on prevention of postpartum hemorrhage to all healthcare

workers.

D) Distribution of and education on the daily use of insecticide-treated bed nets

6.The community health nurse works in a low-income country. The nurse's primary

concern is to decrease the incidence of malaria. Which intervention should the nurse

pursue?

A) Fuel alternatives to burning wood and dung

B) Sanitized drinking water

C) Education regarding contraception use

D) Distribution of and education on the daily use of insecticide-treated bed nets

A) Tobacco use

B) Insufficient physical activity

D) High blood pressure

7.Which key factors contribute to the rise of noncommunicable diseases in low- and

middle-income countries? (Select all that apply.)

A) Tobacco use

B) Insufficient physical activity

C) Unclean water

D) High blood pressure

E) Lack of contraceptive use

D) 870 million people still do not consume enough food to meet their nutritional

energy requirements.

8.The parish community health nurse is assigned to prepare the goals for a 6-month

mission trip to a developing nation. Which challenge to the Millennium Development

Goals should the nurse consider?

A) Child mortality has increased 21% since 1990.

B) The percentage of people living on less than $0.25 a day rose from 22% in 1990

to 47% in 2010.

C) The number of children out of school worldwide increased from 57 million to 102

million.

D) 870 million people still do not consume enough food to meet their nutritional

energy requirements.

D) Actualization or realization of human potential

9.Which is the focus of Smith's eudaimonistic model?

A) Elimination of disease or symptoms

B) A fit between people and social roles

C) Adaptation to the environment

D) Actualization or realization of human potential

A) Living in a community with clean, fluoridated water

C) Living in neighborhood with a high crime rate

D) Smoking two packs of cigarettes per day

10.Which exemplify determinants of health? (Select all that apply.)

A) Living in a community with clean, fluoridated water

B) Having a death rate of 500 per 100,000 population

C) Living in neighborhood with a high crime rate

D) Smoking two packs of cigarettes per day

E) Having an infant mortality rate of 95 deaths per 1,000 live births

C) High and fluctuating mortality, due to poor health, epidemics, and famine

11.The nurse works to identify epidemiologic transitions in the community. Which

exemplifies an epidemiologic transition?

A) High fertility and high mortality, resulting in slow population growth

B) Improvement in hygiene and nutrition, leading to a decreased burden of infectious

disease

C) High and fluctuating mortality, due to poor health, epidemics, and famine

D) Mortality declines and, later, fertility declines

C) Air pollution

12.Which risk factor is associated with overall health?

A) Allergy

B) Traumatic injury

C) Air pollution

D) Down syndrome

C) Health service coverage

13.The nurse recently learned that more than 100 infants and children in the community

have received vaccinations at the health clinic in the past month. These data are an

example of which health indicator?

A) Morbidity and mortality

B) Risk factors

C) Health service coverage

D) Health system resources

D) Extreme

14.A community health nurse visits a village in Chad. The nurse has just finished assessing

a 10-year-old girl who reports always being hungry. She lives in a home with her

mother and father, who both work. She says she's never been to a healthcare provider

before. Which level of poverty should the nurse most suspect in this girl and her family?

A) Middle

B) Moderate

C) Relative

D) Extreme

A) Increase the agency's investment in the education and training of new healthcare

workers

15.The community health nurse manager works to identify how to manage the local health

workforce shortage effectively. Using knowledge of the World Health Organization's

(WHO) recommendations, which suggestion should the nurse manager give to the

agency?

A) Increase the agency's investment in the education and training of new healthcare

workers

B) Offer incentives to attract workers to thriving urban areas

C) Attract men to the health professions

D) Provide cures for common health problems to reduce demand for health services

C) Institute HIV prevention measures and treatment for health workers.

16. The nurse manager at a healthcare facility in a developing nation regularly loses nurses

to positions in developed nations. According to the World Health Organization, which

action would be appropriate for the nurse manger to take to address this problem?

A) Lobby for local legislation that prevents migration of healthcare workers.

B) Encourage the facility to build workforce capacity within the country.

C) Institute HIV prevention measures and treatment for health workers.

D) Treat exp

A) Clinical model

17. In a healthcare facility, a client is regarded as being healthy if he or she has no

diagnosed diseases and is free of any symptoms. Which model of health is in place at

this facility?

A) Clinical model

B) Role performance model

C) Adaptive model

D) Eudaimonistic model