Hilchot shabbat 2024

Mishnah avot melachot

Lists melachot forbidden by Torah law, including actions closely related to these prohibitions.

"Dash"

Concept of separating seeds from grain, relevant in modern times for extracting liquids from absorbent materials.

"Boneh"

In modern context, relates to electrical activities like closing circuits, encountered frequently in hospitals.

Pikuach nefesh

Determining if an action is necessary to save a life, considering potential risks and urgency, especially on Shabbat.

דרגות חולי בשבת

Levels of prohibitions that can be violated to care for patients in different levels of danger on Shabbat.

איסור תורה

Prohibitions from the Torah, applicable to patients in immediate life-threatening situations.

אמירה לנכרי

Allowing non-Jews to perform tasks on Shabbat that are forbidden for Jews.

שינוי

Changing the way you do an action to make it assur derabanan only (no longer בדרך המקובלת), like using the back of the hand.

זמנית

Temporary items or actions needed for a specific period, like placing a sticker on a disposable item (הדבקות זמנייות).

wouldn’t be considered כדי שתתקיים and therefore is not deorayta

Separating letters on packaging

Issue of מוחק so if you can tear between the letters that makes it derabanan and try to not rip through letters if possible

תופר

if the stitching isn’t life saving or preventing life threatening risk (very challenging question and lots of מחלוקת) only do when there is קצת סכנה and not for aesthetics but allowed to להדביק  פצעים and no issues of תופר and do it without הגבלות

מחתך

Cutting a piece of tape (plaster) is being over on 2 מלאכות the melacha of מחתך וקורע 

• Can do it with a שינוי, or ask a non jew or can do it before shabbat and put it on a paper that comes off easily 

• The problem is the חיתוך not the הדבקה

חיבורים זמניים

Issue of קורע. Temporary connections allowed on Shabbat, such as opening packages containing medical supplies. because they are not כדי שתתקיים

פצע

Wound; the act of treating a wound on Shabbat and the restrictions involved.

מלאכות

Prohibited actions on Shabbat, including cutting and tearing specific materials like tape or gauze.

טיפול בפצע

Treating wounds on Shabbat, including the use of bandages and medications.

הזרקות

Injections of medicines is allowed on shabbat

IM injections we draw blood to see that we aren’t in a blood vessel but since the intention is not to remove blood its allowed

Drawing blood

Drawing blood is only allowed for pikuach nefesh

if the blood test isn’t urgent or the patient isn’t in danger, you should wait until after shabbat to draw the blood

גוזז

Hair removal is assur on shabbat however if are removing the hair for a reason other than wanting to remove the hair it becomes a דרבנן איסור and therefore can do it in the hospital on shabbat (like for an ekg)

כותב ומוחק

Writing two characters is counted as the av melacha, Any sign that means something is considered a letter and counts as writing

Using a חותמת is also writing as well as printing a paper (EKG) with symbols

If the patient is in danger, you do without thinking

if there’s no danger you can use a special pen that disappears (כדי שתתקיים), or you can use a shinuy to print

צובע

Dyeing; the prohibitions related to coloring substances, like shoe polishing or makeup, on Shabbat.

Using medications where there isn’t illness

Ointments - the problem is smoothing the area so for cosmetics that is an issue but for a medical reason there isn't an issue to put on an ointment as long as you don’t smooth it out

Pills (טוחן, מחתך)

pills are a powder that are squished together so breaking it apart is not a problem

לישה

Adding water to a solid to make a paste- not problematic for pills because we generally want them to be a more liquidy consistency but potentially a problem when preparing a cast

Shabbat and Electronic Devices

Potential issue of bone (turning on a machine)

Potential issue of lighting a fire (if its heat producing)

Options include using a שינוי and אמירה לנכרי

Driving on Shabbat

Guidelines for driving on Shabbat, including restrictions on actions in the car, using a שינוי, and seeking permission for necessary travel.

Returning Home on Shabbat

More complicated because there’s no פיקוח נפש and most cars use fuel. Best if you can get a hasaa

Leaving the Eruv

Can be considered פיקוח נפש if you’re going to the hospital so less problematic but still better in a hasaa

חולה שיש בו סכנה

Only a patient that is in real life danger and only to fulfill their needs to make them not be in danger anymore

can violate איסור תורה for them

סכנת איבר

Not in danger of losing life but can lose a limb/finger or function of it

need to make the action issur Derabanan, or if its already assured derabanan you can just do it

חולה שאין בו סכנה

איסור דרבנן עם שינוי (אם אפשרי), אמירה לנכרי

Because there’s no immediate danger to the patient we can do derabanan with a shinuy or Amira

מקצת חולי- מיחוש

The patient doesn’t look sick but has something like back pain or allergies ect. 

Cannot do anything for them on shabbat 

Because there’s no immediate danger to the patient we can do derabanan with a shinuy or Amira

גרמא - פטנט

basically a way to get around the issur deoryta but still only works for things that you need and therefore have a reason to use on shabbat

מלאכה שאינו גמורה

if don't do the full action, the normal way, with full intention, so that exactly what you want to happen happens then it doesn't count as a דאורייתא

שבות

a fence to protect us from doing an issur deoryta and therefore permitted in any scenario in a hospital

Taking care of a non jew on shabbat

Basic halacha would for sure say we are not allowed to break shabbat in order to save a non jew on shabbat. But because that would not be okay for a multitude of reasons - goes against personal belief and would destroy the image of jews in front of the rest of the world, we do save the lives of non jews on shabbat.