WEEK 1: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

118

There are ___ elements in the periodic table.

7

Period (Horizontal):?

18

Group/Family (Vertical):?

Group A

Representative Elements (S and P block).

Group B

Transition Elements (D and F block).

Bridge Element

closely resembles the second member of an adjacent group to the right.

Li - Mg and B - Si - As

Bridge Element examples?

Metalloids

Intermediate between metals and nonmetals.

Ah Si Ge Po Sbi ni A Te B

○ As - Arsenic

○ Si - Silicon

○ Ge - Germanium

○ Po - Pollonium

○ Sb - Antimony

○ At - Astatin

○ Te - Tellurium

○ B - Boron

Examples of Metalloids

Group IA

most reactive metals?

Group IA

Alkali Metals

H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

Group IA examples?

Group IIA

Alkaline Earth Metals

Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

Group IIA examples?

B, Al, Ga

Group IIIA examples

Group IIIA

Boron Group

Group IVA

Carbon Group

C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb

Group IVA examples

Group VA

Pnictogen/Nitrogen Group

N, P, As, Sb, Bi

Pnictogen/ Nitrogen Group examples?

Group VIA

Oxygen Group

O, S, Se, Te, Po

Group VIA examples?

Group VIIA

Halogen Group

F, Cl, Br, T, At

Group VIIA examples?

Group VIIIA

Inert/Noble Gases

He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

Group VIII examples?

Group IB

Conaige Metal

Cu, Ag, Au

Group IB examples

Group IIB

Volatile Elements

Zn, Cd, Hg

Group IIB examples?

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier

First True Periodic Table (33 elements)

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier

Father of Modern Chemistry

33 elements

How many elements are their in the first true periodic table?

Johann Dobereiner

VIII-B Triads (triad - similar in characteristics)

i. Fe Co Ni

ii. Ru Rh Pd

iii. Os Ir Pt

what are the VIII-B Triads?

John Newlands

Octaves; Octet rule - outer shell should have 8 electrons to be stable.

Octet rule

outer shell should have 8 electrons to be stable.

Meyer and Mendeleev

Atomic Weight; First true periodic law.

Henry Moseley

Atomic number'; Modern Periodic Table.

1. Eka-Boron: Scandium (Sc)

2. Eka-Aluminum: Gallium (Ga)

3. Eka-Silicon: Germanium (Ge)

4. Eka-Manganese: Technetium (Tc)

Mendeleev’s Predicted Elements

Scandium (Sc)

1. Eka-Boron: ?

Gallium (Ga)

Eka-Aluminum: ?

Germanium (Ge)

Eka-Silicon: ?

Technetium (Tc)

Eka-Manganese: ?

● Good conductors of

heat and energy.

● Produce Basic oxides

● High density

● High melting point

Characteristics of Metals?

● Poor conductors of

heat and electricity

● Acidic oxides

● Low density

● Low melting point

Characteristics of Non-metals

a. metals

LEORA? a. metals b. non-metals

b. non-metals

GEROA? a. metals b,=. non-metals

● Brass

● Bronze

● Metal Sludge

● Steel

examples of metals?

● Silicon (Si)

● Antimony (Sb)

● Sulfur

examples of non-metals?

Atomic radius, Ionization energy, Electron affinity, Non-metallic character, Metallic character

Properties of Periodic Trends

MR (Metallic Property, Atomic Radius

Property increases from right to left, top to bottom

½ the distance between 2 nuclei.

Atomic radius of MR?

Francium

biggest radius & highest metallic property.

INEA (Ionization Energy, Non-metallic Property, Electronegativity, Electron Affinity)

Property increases from left to right, bottom to top.

Ionization Energy

Amount of energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom to convert it to a positively charged ion.

Electronegativity

The tendency of an atom to attract electrons to itself.

Electron Affinity

Amount of energy released when a neutral atom accepts an electron to convert it to a negatively charged ion.

Fluorine

Has the most electronegative property/ highest property of INEA.

HYDROGEN

AKA Inflammable Air

HYDROGEN

Lightest element

● Haber process

○ Ammonia production

○ Uses hydrogen which reacts to nitrogen

forming ammonia

● Oil hydrogenation

○ Margarine production

● Balloon inflation

● Gas carrier

Industrial uses of Hydrogen

Lithium

AKA Earth / Lithos

Lithium

Lightest Metal

LITHIUM CARBONATE (LiCO3)

DOC for manic phase of Bipolar Disorder

○ Lithane

○ Eskalith

○ Quilonium-R

○ Litcab - Available in Ph

LITHIUM CARBONATE (LiCO3) brand names?

LITHIUM CARBONATE (LiCO3)

Should be treated with caution during pregnancy because it can cause Eibstein anomaly (heart problem).

NaCl

LITHIUM CARBONATE (LiCO3) toxicity treatment?

Do not have drastic diet change. Maintain salt intake.

Counseling point for giving NaCl as treatment for toxicity of LITHIUM CARBONATE (LiCO3)?

Sodium

AKA Natrium

Sodium

Most abundant extracellular cation.

Sodium

Causes fluid retentio; here sodium goes, water goes.

SODIUM BICARBONATE (NaHCO3)

AKA: Baking Soda

○ Systemic antacid

○ Used in effervescent tablet

SODIUM BICARBONATE (NaHCO3) uses?

Alkalosis

SODIUM BICARBONATE (NaHCO3) S/E?

SODIUM BORATE

AKA: Borax

○ Eyewash (1-2%)

○ Wet dressings

○ Compound Sodium Borate Solution (also

known as Dobell’s Solution)

SODIUM BORATE uses?

Dobell’s Solution

Compound Sodium Borate Solution also known as?

○ Antacid

○ Source of carbonate ion

○ Carbonating agent

○ Manufacture of “Soda Lime glass”

■ Type 3 glass

SODIUM CARBONATE uses?

Type 3 glass

Soda Lime glass

Na₂CO₃, Na₂CO₃ · 2H2O, Na₂CO₃ · 10H2O

Forms of Sodium Carbonate?

Soda ash

Na₂CO₃ is anhydrous and also known as?

Na₂CO₃ · 2H2O

also known as Trona (TRU OR TWONA)?

Na₂CO₃ · 10H2O

also known as washing soda, sal soda, soda crystals

SODIUM CHLORIDE

AKA: Table salt, Rock salt, soler salt

○ Electrolyte Replenisher

○ Tonicity Adjusting Agent

○ Condiment

○ Preservative

SODIUM CHLORIDE uses?

○ Orally: Antacid, Diuretic

■ Ural - diuretic

○ In vitro: prevents coagulation of blood

○ Prevent discoloration of preparations

○ Buffer

■ Resist change of pH

○ Expectorant

■ Mucobron

○ Ingredient of Benedict’s Solution

SODIUM CITRATE uses?

prevents coagulation of blood.

SODIUM CITRATE USES IN VITRO?

SODIUM CITRATE

Ingredient of Benedict’s Solution

Anticariogenic (Listerine)

SODIUM FLUORIDE use?

SODIUM HYDROXIDE

AKA: Caustic Soda, Sosa, Soda Lye

○ Saponifying Agent

○ Fatty Acid + NaOH = Hard soap

SODIUM HYDROXIDE uses?

Hard soap

Fatty acid + NaOH = ?

Soft soap

Fatty acid + KOH = ?

SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE

AKA: Chlorox, Dakin’s Solution

○ Oxidizing Agent

○ Disinfectant

○ Bleaching Agent

○ Labarraque Solution

SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE uses?

SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE

Ingredient in Labarraque Solution

○ Expectorant

○ Antifungal

○ Iodine Solubilizer

SODIUM IODIDE uses?

antifungal & anti infection

Vistalens?