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self determination

is the right of people to choose their own government and political future, especially in forming an independent nation.

Total war

is a type of war where a country uses all its resources—military, economic, and civilian—to fight, and where civilians and infrastructure can also become targets

Unrestricted submarine warfare

is a naval strategy where submarines sink any enemy or neutral ships without warning, including civilian vessels.

Armistice

is an agreement between opposing sides to stop fighting, usually as a step toward peace.

The League of Nations

was an international organization formed after World War I to promote peace and prevent future wars.

The Bolsheviks

were a radical socialist group in Russia, led by Lenin, that seized power in the 1917 Russian Revolution and established a communist government.

October Revolution

The 1917 Bolshevik takeover of the Russian government.

The Duma

was the elected parliament of Russia, created after the 1905 Revolution to give people a voice in government.

Communism

 is a system where all property is owned by the community, and everyone is meant to be equal.

Genocide

is the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially based on their race, religion, or ethnicity, with the intent to destroy that group.

Gavrilo Princip Contributions

• Assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand

• Sparked World War I

• Member of the Black Hand

Rasputin Contributions

• Influenced Russian royal family

• Gained power through Tsarina Alexandra

• Damaged trust in the monarchy

• Seen as a cause of public unrest

Karl Marx Contributions

• Founded communist theory

• Wrote The Communist Manifesto

• Criticized capitalism

• Inspired socialist and communist movements

Tsar Nicholas II Contributions

• Last emperor of Russia

• Led Russia into World War I

• Faced major protests and unrest

• Abdicated during 1917 revolution

• Executed by Bolsheviks

Kaiser Wilhelm II Contributions

• Leader of Germany during World War I

• Built up German military power

• Supported Austria-Hungary after Franz Ferdinand’s assassination

• Abdicated in 1918 after Germany’s defeat

Vladimir Lenin Contributions

• Led the Bolshevik Revolution

• Established communist rule in Russia

• Pulled Russia out of World War I

• Founded the Soviet Union

David Lloyd George Contributions

• British Prime Minister during WWI

• Helped win the war for the Allies

• Key figure at the Treaty of Versailles

• Wanted to punish Germany, but not too harshly