Bioenergetics of Exercise and Training

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to bioenergetics, energy systems, and training methods that were discussed in the lecture.

Bioenergetics

The flow of energy in a biological system; the conversion of macronutrients into biologically usable forms of energy.

Catabolism

The breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules, associated with the release of energy.

Anabolism

The synthesis of larger molecules from smaller molecules; can be accomplished using the energy released from catabolic reactions.

Metabolism

The total of all the catabolic and anabolic reactions in a biological system.

Phosphagen System

Provides ATP primarily for short-term, high-intensity activities and is active at the start of all exercise regardless of intensity.

Creatine Kinase

Enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from creatine phosphate and ADP.

Glycolysis

The breakdown of carbohydrates to resynthesize ATP; includes pathways for both anaerobic and aerobic conditions.

Pyruvate

The end product of glycolysis, which may be converted to lactate or shuttled into the mitochondria for further metabolism.

Lactate Threshold (LT)

The exercise intensity at which blood lactate begins an abrupt increase above the baseline concentration.

Oxidative System

The primary source of ATP at rest and during low-intensity activities, utilizing carbohydrates and fats.

Anaerobic Glycolysis

ATP resynthesis occurs at a faster rate but is limited in duration, produces lactate as a byproduct.

Cori Cycle

The process where lactate is transported in the blood to the liver and converted back to glucose.

Energy Production Capacity

The extent to which each energy system contributes to ATP production depends on exercise intensity and duration.

Oxygen Debt (EPOC)

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption; oxygen uptake above resting values used to restore the body to pre-exercise condition.

High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT)

Brief repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise with intermittent recovery periods, eliciting various physiological adaptations.

Interval Training

Training that uses predetermined exercise intervals and rest periods to enhance bioenergetic adaptations.

Glycogen Depletion

The process where muscle glycogen becomes depleted during exercise, particularly at intensities above 60% VO2max.

Protein Oxidation

The process where proteins are broken down into amino acids which can then be converted into glucose or other substrates for ATP production.