why men commit more crime

parsons

boys raised to be active/aggressive/risk taking
they reject feminine gender roles in nuclear family
their role model is the breadwinner - outside home

compensatory compulsory masculinity

aggression and anti-social behaviour to prove they are men

cohen

lack of male role model means boys turn to street gangs for masculine identity

new right (dennis/murray)

absence of father figure means boys turn to gangs for status

social control

boys are less controlled than girls as they have more freedom
boys dominate public spaces
boys have more opportunity to commit crime on the street
boys are pressured to be risky and reputation is not an issue but being hard it

katz

most theorists ignore the pleasure in committing crime
search for pleasure links to status and control over others
different crimes have different thrills

postmodernists

loss of traditional manual jobs led to crisis of masculinity

winlow

study of bouncers in sunderland showed no real structure for men to pursue career in crime
organised criminal subculture emerging in nightlife economy and employability depends on reputation and you look the part if you are really muscular and 'masculine'