2ND SEM - 3RD QUARTER STATS EXAM.

Probability Distribution

refers to the arrangement of the values of a random variable and the probabilities assigned to them.

Histogram

this is a way of presenting a probability distribution using vertical bars placed side by side

1

The total probability of all values should be equal to _

True

The probability of each value should be more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1. True or False?

Random variables

are characteristics or measurements that take on values as determined by chance.

Random variables

It is a set of possible values from a random experiment.

Random Experiment

processes where the conditions may be replicated but outcomes cannot be determined with certainty

Sample space

are the set of values that a random variable can assume.

Outcomes

are the possible value in the sample space

Discrete Random variables

they are variables that can take on distinct and separate values. (countable values)

Continuous Random variables

they are variables that can assume an infinite number of values in a given interval.

Statistics

This is the science of conducting studies to collect, organize, sumamrize, analyze, and draw conclusions from data.

Systematic

Statistics has a ___ process.

Population

This is the entirety of the group, including all the members that form a set of data.

Sample

This is a few members of the population. These were taken to represent the characteristics or traits of the population.

Descriptive Statistics

This is used to say something or describe a set of information collected. It can also be represented with graphs.

Inferential Statistics

This is used to say something about a larger group / population using information colelcted from a small part of that population

Qualitative Variable

This describes a certain type of information without using numbers.

Quantitative Variable

This measures or identifies an information using numerical scales.

Discrete Variable

These values can be coutned using integral values.

Continuous Variable

This can assume any numerical value over an interval or intervals.

Independent Variable

This can be controlled. This is assumed to have a direct effect on the dependent.

Dependent Variable

This variable is the one being tested or measured. Its value may change according to the independent variable.

Measurement

This is the process of assigning value to a variable.

Nominal

This has no particular order with observation.

Ordinal

This describes a ranking or an order.

Interval Level

This is the actual amoount. The order and the difference between the variables can be known. It’s limitation is that it has no “true zero”

Ratio Level

This has the same properties as interval level, but it has z true zero. The order and the difference can also be described.

Mean (μ)

this is the theoretical average of a random variable.

standard deviation (σ)

is the measure of the data from the mean.

variance (σ2)

this is the square of the standard deviation.

Sigma

How do you pronounce the sign for standard deviation?

Mu

How you pronounce the sign for the mean?

Classical Probability

• based on the assumption that the outcomes
        of an experiment are equally likely

  • each outcome in a sample space is equally likely

Event

a set of outcomes of an experiment.

Empirical Probability

    - the probability of an event happening is the  
      fraction of the time similar events happened in
      the past
    - based on observations obtained from the past
    - Used for surveys and data collection

Subjective Probability

    - the likelihood (probability) of a particular
      event happening that is a assigned by an
      individual based on whatever information is
      available.
    - intuition, educated guesses, and estimates
    - depends on the opinion of the observer, based on   
      feelings and experience. No basis. No data.

Normal Probability Distribution curve

this provides a graphical representation of statistical values that are needed in describing the populations as well as in making decisions.

Gaussian distribution

Normal probability distribution is also known as what?