Means, Variance, and Standard Deviation

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8 Terms

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What is a distribution?

What values a variable takes and how often / how data is spread out

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CSOCS Framework

Use this to describe a quantitative distribution. It stands for Context, Shape, Outliers, Center, and Spread.

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Mean (average)

This is the sum of all data values divided by the number of data points.

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Median

The middle value of a dataset when ordered from smallest to largest.

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Variance (s^2)

The average squared distance from the mean.

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Standard Deviation (s)

This is the square root of the variance, which puts the measure of spread in the same units as the original data.

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What is a percentile?

It's a value below which a given percentage of observations falls.

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How do you calculate a percentile?

Use the formula: L=100p​∗n. If the result is a whole number, you average the values at position L and L+1. If it's not a whole number, you round up to the next whole number to find the position.