Oncology

What are the key applications of Nuclear Medicine in Oncology?

Diagnosis, Staging, Monitoring, and Treatment guidance for targeted therapy.

What is the half-life of Gallium-67?

78.2 hours.

Which radiopharmaceutical is known for its use in brain tumors and lymphoma?

Thallium-201 (Tl-201).

What mechanism does Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) Sestamibi use for uptake?

Passively diffuses across membranes and is retained in mitochondria based on metabolic activity.

What types of tumors does Fluorine-18 FDG (F-18 FDG) indicate?

Melanoma, Lung Ca (SCLC & NSCLC), Breast, Lymphoma, GIT, Cervical Ca, Brain, Sarcoma, Head & Neck Ca.

For what type of cancer is Iodine-123 MIBG primarily used?

Tumors of neuroendocrine origin, such as pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma.

What is the typical imaging timing for Gallium-67 scans post-injection?

Imaging at 48-72 hours.

What is a limitation of Technetium-99m Sestamibi imaging?

High endogenous uptake in the abdomen and lack of correlation with tumor grade.

What preparations should a patient have before Fluorine-18 FDG imaging?

Fast for 6 hours and avoid strenuous activity for 24 hours.

How is Indium-111 Octreotide primarily excreted?

50% via urine in 6 hours, 85% by 24 hours.

What is the primary advantage of using Fluorine-18 FDG in PET Imaging?

It is considered the gold standard for metabolic imaging in oncology.

What false positives exist for Iodine-123 MIBG scans?

Urinary contamination and normal adrenal uptake.

What are the primary indications for Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) DMSA in oncology?

Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and lymph node involvement.

What is the decay mode of Gallium-67?

Electron capture to Zn-67.

Which radiopharmaceutical is used to differentiate malignant from inflammatory lesions in the brain?

Thallium-201 (Tl-201).

What is the typical dose of Gallium-67 for imaging?

300–400 MBq IV.

What are the common side effects noticed in Gallium-67 scans?

False negatives in small tumors and false positives in infection or inflammation.

What is the half-life of Iodine-123 MIBG?

13.1 hours.

What type of cancers does Indium-111 Octreotide target?

Carcinoid tumors and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

What are the key metabolic characteristics of F-18 FDG?

It is a glucose analogue that is taken up by glucose transporters in cells.

What imaging protocols are followed for Thallium-201?

Early imaging at 15-30 min post-injection and delayed imaging 4-6 hours later.