Physics: Motion, Velocity, and Momentum Flashcards

Vocabulary and practice problem flashcards based on lecture notes covering motion, displacement, speed, velocity, mass, and momentum.

Motion

The change in position of an object over time.

Displacement

The straight-line distance from the starting point to the ending point, including direction.

Speed

How fast an object is moving, calculated as distance divided by time.

Velocity

Speed with a direction (e.g., $60\,\text{km/h north}$).

Mass

The amount of matter in an object.

Momentum

The quantity of motion an object has, calculated as mass x velocity ($P = MV$). It shows how difficult it is to stop a moving object.

Displacement Equation

$$\text{Displacement} = \text{Final position} - \text{Initial position}$$

Speed Equation

$$\text{Speed} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}}$$

Velocity Equation

$\text{Velocity} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}}$, includes direction.

Momentum Equation

$\text{Momentum} = \text{Mass} \times \text{Velocity}$ ($P = MV$)

Runner Velocity Calculation

A runner traveling $100\,\text{meters north}$ in $20\,\text{seconds}$ has a velocity of $5\,\text{m/s north}$.

Toy Car Velocity Calculation

A toy car moving $60\,\text{meters east}$ in $15\,\text{seconds}$ has a velocity of $4\,\text{m/s east}$.

Student Walking Velocity Calculation

A student walking $30\,\text{meters west}$ in $10\,\text{seconds}$ has a velocity of $3\,\text{m/s west}$.

Momentum of a $5\,\text{kg}$ Object at $3\,\text{m/s}$

$15\,\text{kg}\cdot\text{m/s}$ (calculated as $5\,\text{kg} \times 3\,\text{m/s}$).

Momentum of a $2\,\text{kg}$ Ball at $0\,\text{m/s}$

$0\,\text{kg}\cdot\text{m/s}$ (calculated as $2\,\text{kg} \times 0\,\text{m/s}$).

Momentum of a $110\,\text{kg}$ Football Player

$330\,\text{kg}\cdot\text{m/s}$ for a $110\,\text{kg}$ player jogging at $3\,\text{m/s}$.

Momentum of a $0.5\,\text{kg}$ Hockey Puck

$6\,\text{kg}\cdot\text{m/s}$ for a $0.5\,\text{kg}$ puck sliding at $12\,\text{m/s}$.

Displacement Practice (Forward and Back)

If a student walks $5\,\text{meters forward}$ and then $3\,\text{meters back}$, the displacement is $2\,\text{m forward}$.

Displacement Practice (Left and Right)

If a student walks $2\,\text{meters left}$ and then $4\,\text{meters right}$, the displacement is $2\,\text{m right}$.

Real-Life Momentum (Bowling Ball vs. Tennis Ball)

A bowling ball rolling at $2\,\text{m/s}$ has more momentum than a tennis ball rolling at the same speed because it has more mass.