AP human geography unit 5 vocab test #2

Bid-rent theory

this is usually the distance-decay relationship between proximity to the urban market and the value of land meaning the closer the land is to the urban center the more valuable it is

Labor intensive

requires lots of workers to work the fields

Factory farming

a capital intensive livestock operation in which many animals are kept in close quarters and bred and fed in a controlled environment

Aquaculture (aquafarming)

a type of intensive farming rather than raising typical farm animals in close quarters with a controlled environment fish shellfish or water plants are raised in nettle areas in the sea tanks or

Double cropping

planting and harvesting a crop 2 (or three) times a year on the same piece of land

Intercropping (multi-cropping)

farmers grow 2 or more crops simultaneously on the same field.

Monoculture

only one crop is grown or one type of animal is raised per season on a piece of land

Monocropping

growing only one crop or raising a type of animal year after year

Feedlots

confined spaces in which cattle and hogs have limited movement

Agribusiness

farms run as corporations and the globalization of agriculture

Vertical integration

the ownership of other business involved in the steps of producing a particular good

Economies of scale

an increase in efficiency to lower the per-unit production cost resulting in greater profits

Carrying capacity

the number of US farmers can support given the available resources

Cool chains

transportation networks that keep food cool throughout a trip

Location theory

a key component of economic geography, deals with why people choose certain locations for various types of economic activity.

Von Thunen theory

an economic model that suggested a pattern for the types of product would produce at different positions relative to the market

Horticulture

a type of agriculture that includes market gardening/truck farming and dairy farming

Bid-price cure (bid-rent curve)

a graph that can be used to determine that starting position for each land use relative to the market, as well as where each land use would end up

Free-market economy

supply and demand, not government policy, determine the outcome of competition for the land—- the farmer who will have the greatest profit will pay the most at each location to occupy the land

Comparative advantage

naturally occuring beneficial conditions, that would prompt farmers to plant crops differently from those predicted by von thunen’s model

Supply chain

all the steps required to get a product or services to a customer

Luxury crops

are not essential to human survival but have a high profit margin.

Neocolonialism

the use of economic, political, and social pressures to control former colonies

Fairtrade movement

to promote higher incomes for producers and more sustainable practices

infrastructure

the roads bridges tunnels and ports electrical grids and sewers telecommunications of a country

Desertification

alternation of natural vegetation in arid areas cause fertile land to become infertile

Terrace farming

farmers build a series of steps into a side of a hill

Irrigation

the process of applying controlled amount of water to crops usings dams, canals, pipes, sprinkler systems, or other manufactured devices rather than just relying on rainfall.

Deforestation

the removal of large tracts of forests

Blue revolution

the practices is now growing faster growing form of food production on the planet and responsible for approximately 50 percent of the worlds seafood

Value-added farming

consumers are willing to pay more because of special qualities or because they are difficult to acquire

Food insecurity

when households lack access to adequate food because of limited money or other resources

Food desert

a neighborhood where residents have little to no access to healthy affordable food