MIDTERMS INTRO

Industrial Engineers

*design systems that will allow people and society to improve productivity, efficiency, effectiveness, and quality*.

facility layout

For an organization to have an effective and efficient manufacturing unit, special attention must be given to the ______

*Facility Layout*

________ is *an arrangement of different aspects of manufacturing in an*

*appropriate manner to achieve desired production results*.

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________ considers __available space__, __final product__, the __safety of users__ and facility, and __convenience of operations__.

*is to design an effective workflow to make equipment and workers more productive*.

facility layout planning's main objective

model facility layout

_______ should be able to *provide an ideal relationship between raw material, equipment, manpower, and final product at minimal cost under a safe and comfortable environment*.

consider the overall objectives set by the organization.

FACTORS AFFECTING FACILITY LAYOUT

**·** The design of the facility layout should _____________

Optimum space

FACTORS AFFECTING FACILITY LAYOUT



·   ________________ needs to be allocated for process and technology.

proper safety measures, Overall management policies

FACTORS AFFECTING FACILITY LAYOUT



·       A ___________ to avoid mishaps.



·       ______________ and future direction of the organization

Flexibility

Design Of Facility Layout



These principles are as follows:



· _________ - Facility layout should provide *flexibility for expansion or modification*.

Space Utilization

Design Of Facility Layout



These principles are as follows:

·______________ Optimum space utilization *reduces the time in material and people movement and promotes safety*.

Capital

Design Of Facility Layout



These principles are as follows:

· _________ investment should be *minimal* when finalizing different models of facility layout.

supply chains

___________ - Each organization is a link in the chain receiving goods and/or services from its suppliers and supplying goods and/or services to its customers. The end customers can choose between products produced by alternative _______________.

competitive supply chain

Thus, a ______________ must act as a *coordinated team to reduce costs and provide high-quality products in a competitive time and with flexibility*.

*supply chain*

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A ___________ is *designed to serve the targeted customers’ needs, and the resource use in the supply chain is carefully investigated by industrial engineering to identify and remove waste*.

ERGONOMICS

There is n**o organization without people, and there is no management without people.** People have needs, feelings, limitations, and characteristics that overall are summarized under the term the ~~**human factors.**~~

science of ergonomics

the______________ is *the practice of designing or planning workers’ work environment while considering the relevant abilities and limitations of working in such an environment*.

Ergonomics

__________ *started out as a scientific biomechanical perception of the workers, and therefore initially addressed anatomical and physiological aspects*.

field of ergonomics and human factors engineering

The __________________________ *serves as a basis for improving man–environment interfaces and making them more efficient*.

Safety

________ is *the* ***first*** ***and foremost aspect to be taken into consideration in work environment design*****.** It is the **professional responsibility of industrial engineers to** **make sure that the work environment is safe for workers** and is *designed in accordance with safety rules and regulations*. Therefore, it is incumbent upon *industrial engineers to be extremely knowledgeable in this field*.

Anatomical factors

___________ are ***second in importance in comparison to safety, together with physiological and psychological factors*****.** The _____________ *focus on the human body’s physical structure and include measurements, motion ability, and the geometry of various body parts*.

Anthropometry

· _________________ : A discipline that **studies the human body’s measurements** and matches tools and work environments to these measurements.

Biomechanics

· ___________- A discipline that **studies the exertion of forces by the human body.**

The physiology of effort

· ______________ a discipline that studies the *human body’s ability to produce energy and to use it for the performance of work*.

  Industrial physiology

·  ______________ A discipline that *studies the influence of the work environment on the human body*.

Psychological Factors

The ___________ in ergonomics *focus on the cognitive interface between man and work environment*.

**ergonomics**

**ergon:** indicating **“*****work or effort*****”**

**nomos**: meaning **“*****natural laws of” or “study of*****”**

__**ERGONOMICS**__

Focuses on the safety and comfort of workers.

More prevalent in **Europe** and the rest of the world.

Human Factors

Traditionally emerged from a military background and concentrates on human performance.

HUMAN FACTORS

The preferred term in the **United States** and other several other countries.

Work study

_____________ *uses techniques like method study and work measurement to understand human work potential in terms of time spend on completing a task, looking at ways to make the task simpler and easy, as to increase productivity and efficiency*.

**Work study**

___________ is a *field used to* ***finding ways*** *of increasing job performance, optimum usage of plant and machinery, standardization of work methods, etc*.

Method study

It is a **scientific process to better job design.** *It studies the existing job process and proposed job process to identify the appropriate job process which results in efficient and cost-effective operations*.

Physical processes

____________ *affect machine operation, maintenance, quality, and efficiency, as well as human performance and the associated ergonomics*.

Dexterity

_______ *requires a compact comfortable work environment*. It also r**equires lightweight tools** and parts that *are easy to handle and manipulate*.

manufacturing process of a product

The _____________________ is *a process that combines a sequence of operations, performed by machines and humans, aimed at transforming raw materials into a finished product*.