AP Gov Chap 1

Limited Government

When the government’s power is bound by law

Popular Sovereignty

The idea that the authority of the government is given by the consent of the governed

Republicanism

system where the government’s power comes from the people

Social Contract

People allowing their governments to rule over them

Participatory democracy

widespread political participation is needed

Pluralist democracy

Power is spread out amongst many groups, with each swaying elections

Elite democracy

When a small group has heavy influence on government aka “Elite”

Bicameral

a 2 house legislature (upper+lower house)

writ of habeas corpus

right of the detained to know their rights

Checks and Balances

design of government to check each branch

Faction

Group of people based off of self interest

Exclusive powers

Powers that only the national government can exercise

Concurrent powers

Powers granted to both federal and state

mandates

An official order

Revenue sharing

federal government giving tax money with no strings attached

Categorical grants

Grants that are bound by specific conditons

Block Grants

A general grant with little specific conditions

Enumerated powers

Powers that are clearly given to national government through the constitution

Implied Powers

Powers not clearly given to the government but needed to carry out the explicitly given powers.

Commerce Clause

Grants congress authority to regulate interstate business

Necessary and Proper Clause

Gives congress authority to pass all laws needed to uphold constitutional powers

Great Compromise

A compromise regarding state representation power plans for Government between NJ and Virginia

3/5 compromise

A slave counted as 3/5 of a person when populations were being counted for congress state representation

Ex Post Facto Laws

Laws that punish you for something that was not illegal at the time that you committed it

Bills of Attainder

legislation declaring someone guilty w/o trial

Original jurisdiction

authority of a court to act as the 1st court to hear a case (before higher court reviews)

Dual Federalism

States & Nation operating separately

Cooperative Federalism

When States and Nation work together - (US)

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Constitutional clause requiring states to recognize eachother’s acts and records

Privileges and Immunities clause

Prevents states from discriminating against people from out of state

Supremacy Clause

Federal law “Wins” over state law