Sleep and Sleep Disorders (NUR 1109)

Vocabulary flashcards covering fundamental concepts of sleep, sleep cycles, sleep requirements across the lifespan, and sleep disorders based on lecture notes.

Sleep

A cyclical state involving the whole body characterized by altered consciousness, which screens the body from exterior stimuli to restore it.

Rest

A state involving total body relaxation or relaxation of a body part, during which the body remains disturbed by exterior stimuli and cannot restore the body on its own.

Circadian Rhythm

Internal biological clocks controlled within the body and synchronized with environmental factors such as light and darkness.

Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Sleep

A restful sleep state consisting of 3 stages characterized by slowed physiological function, relaxed muscles, and decreased temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure.

Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep

A sleep phase where the brain becomes highly active, rapid eye movements occur, most dreaming takes place, and essential mental and emotional restoration occurs.

REM Rebound

The phenomenon in which a person deprived of REM sleep spends a greater amount of time in REM sleep on successive nights to keep total REM sleep constant over time.

Duration of Sleep Stages

The percentage distribution of sleep stages in a cycle: Stage 1 NREM (5%), Stage 2 NREM (45%), Stage 3 NREM (25%), and REM (25%).

Infant Sleep Requirement

12 to 16 hours of sleep required daily.

Toddler Sleep Requirement

11 to 14 hours of sleep required daily.

Children Sleep Requirement

9 to 13 hours of sleep required daily.

Adolescent Sleep Requirement

8 to 10 hours of sleep required daily.

Adult Sleep Requirement

7 to 9 hours of sleep required daily.

Insomnia

A sleep disorder characterized by the inability to fall asleep, remain asleep, or go back to sleep, causing distress, fatigue, lethargy, irritability, and poor concentration.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)

A type of sleep-disordered breathing where soft tissue of the pharynx and soft palate collapse, causing the tongue to fall back and obstruct the upper airway.

Central Sleep Apnea (CSA)

A type of sleep-disordered breathing caused by the brain failing to send proper signals to the muscles that control breathing.

Narcolepsy

A chronic sleep disorder caused by the brain's inability to regulate sleep-wake cycles normally, resulting in sudden, uncontrollable urges to sleep.

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)

A central nervous system disorder characterized by uncontrollable leg movement during rest or before sleep, accompanied by creeping, crawling, itching, or tingling sensations.

Parasomnias

A category of sleep disorders that includes sleepwalking, sleeptalking, bruxism, night terrors, and nocturnal enuresis.

Bruxism

A parasomnia characterized by teeth grinding and clenching during sleep.

Nocturnal Enuresis

A parasomnia defined as bedwetting during sleep.