medterm ch9

fertilization

union of male and female gametes to form a zygote, leading to the development of a new individual

gamete

reproductive cell spermatozoon in the male nad ovum in the female

infertility

persistent inabiltiy to conceive a child

ova

female reproductibe cells ovum

postpartum

occurring after childbirth

\-partum

childbirth, labor

gyneology

medial specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of female repro disorders, including affecting the breats

gynecologist

physician who specializes in gynecology

obstetric and gynecology

both process knowledge of endocrinology because hormones play an importnat part on the functions of female repro system

obstetrics

branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth, including the study of the mother and the fetus throughout pregnancy childbirth etc

obstetrician

phyisical who specilizes in obstetrics. concnetrates care of the neonate and the diagnosis and treatmnet of disorders of then neonate

neonatology

diagnosis and treamtent of disorders of the neonate

urology

vbranch of medicine that specializes in treating disorders of the male repro system

urologist

specialist who diagnosis and manages male repro system dysfunction

intenral organs of ther epro and external gentials (vulvu and genitalia)

what is the female repro system composed of ?

gonads

primary sex organ of hte male repro system specifically the testes. these produce gametes and secrete sex hormones

amni/o

amnion (amnionic sac)

cervic/o

neck, cervix, uteri

colp/o

vagina

vagin/o

vagina

galact/o

milk

lact/o

milk

gynec/o

women, female

hyster/o

uterus

uter/o

uterus

\-cele

hernia, swelling

mamm/o

breast

mast/o

breast

\-pexy

fixation

men/o

menses, menstration

metr/o

uterus; measure

nat/o

birth

oophor/o

ovary

ovari/o

ovary

perine/o

perineum

salping/o

tube, usually fallopian or eustacian tubes

vulv/o

vulva

episi/o

vulvu

ANDR/O

MALE

balan/o

gans penis

gonad/o

gonands, sex glands

olig/o

scanty

orch/o

testis

orchi/o

testis

orchid/o

testis

test/o

testis

prostat/o

prostate gland

spermat/o

spermatozoa, sperm cells

sperm/i

spermatozoa, sperm cells

sperm/o

spermatozoa, sperm cells

varic/o

dilated vein

vas/o

vessel, vas deferens, duct

vesicul/o

seminal vesicle

\-arche

beginning

\-cyesis

pregnancy

\-gravida

pregnant women

\-para

to bear (offspring)

\-salpinx

tube (usually fallopian or eustachian

\-tocia

childbirth, labor

retro-

backward, behind

abortion

termination of pregancy by removal of expulsion of an embryo or fetus before it can survive otuside the uterus

spontaneous abortion

abortion that is an unplanned loss of pregnancy, also called a miscarraige

therapeutic

abrotion that is induced to end a pregnancy because the woman’s health is endangerred or for some other personal reason

candidiasis

vaginal fungal infection caused by candida albicans and characterized by a curdy or cheeselike discharge and extreme itching

cervitis

inflammation of the uterine cervix, which is usually the result of infection or a sti

down syndrome

congnetital disorders caused by an extra chromosome 21, which cause intellectual impaiorment and physical abnormalities, including a characteristic facial appreaance with multiple malfomrations, most frequenctly occurs in children born ro a mother older than 35

ectopic pregnancy

implanation of the fertilized ovum outside of hte uterine cavity, most commonly in the fallopian tube, the fetus is not viable and salpingectomy is performed to remove both the embryo and the fallopian tube

Endometriosis

presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, such as the pelvis of the abdomen

fibroid

benign neoplasm in the uterus that is composed largely of fibrous tissue, also called leiomyoma

fistula

abnormal tunnel connecting two body caivities such as the rectum and the vagina or a body cavity to the skin, such as therectum to the outside of hte body, caused by an injury, infection or inflammation

vesicovaginal fistula

abnormal duct between the bladder and the vagina that results in severe urine loss from the vagina

vesic/o

bladder

gestational hypertension

potentially life threatening condiition of high blood pressure, usually develops after the 20th week of pregnancy and is characterized by edema and proteinuria

gestational preclampsia

nonconvulsive form of gestational hypertension. that, if left untreated may progress to eclampsia

gestational eclapsia

convulsive form of genstational hypertension that is a medical emergecny and life threatening to the mother, boby or both

sterility

inability of a women to becomepregnantor for a man to impregnante a women

toxic shock symdrome

rare, sometimes fatal, staph infection that generally occurs in mendtrting women, most using a tampon

anorchism

congentital absence of one or both testes, anorchia

balanitis

inflammation o fhte skin convering the glans penis caused by irritation and invasion of microorganisms and commonly associated with inadequate hygeine of thep repuce and phimosis

benign prostatic hyperplasia

gradual enlargement of hte prostategland thatnormally occurs as a man ages and is common in men older than age 60 years

cryptochordism

failure of one or both of the testes to descend in to the scrotum

epispadias

congentical defect in which the urethra opens on the upper side of the penis near the glans pensi instead of the tip

\-spadias

slot, fissure

impotence

inability of a man to acheive or maintain a penile erection, also called erectile dysfunction

phimosis

stenosis or narrowing of the preputial orifice so that the forskin cannot be pushed bac k over the glans penis

phim

muzzle

sexually transmitted infections

any disease affecting the male or female repro system that is acquired as a result of sexual intercourse or other intimate contact with an infected individual, also called venereal disease

chlamydia

one of the most damaging sti’s cuased by the bacterium chlamydia trachomatis causing convicitis in women and urethritis in men

genital warts

warts in the gentitalia caused by human papillomavirus and possibly associated with cervial cancer in women

gonorrhea

contagious sti caused by the bacterium neisseria gonorrhea and most commonly affecting the genitourinary tract and occasionally the pharynx or the rectum

herpes genitalis

infection with herpes siplex virus type 2 of the male of female genitalia and anorectal skin and musoca that may be transmitted through the placenta to hte fetus during delivery

syphilis

infectious chronic sti characterized by a skin lesion typically on the gentials, rectum, or mouth which may cause long term complications, including death it left untreated

trichomonias

protozial infestations o fthe vagina, urethra or prostate and the most common sti affecting and women although symptoms are more common in women

colposcopy

examination of the vagina and the cervix with a optical magnifying instrument

hysterosalpinography

radiography of the uterus and oviducts after injection of a contrast medium

laparoscopy

visual examinaiton of the abdominal caivty with a laprascope through one or more small incisions in the abodominal wall usually at the umbilicus

mammography

radiography of hte breasts used to diagnose benign and malignant tumor s

papanicolaou test

microscopic analysis of a small tissue sample ontained from the cervix and vagina by using a swab to detect carcinoma

digital rectum examination

examination of the prostate gland by finger palpation through the anal canal and the rectum

prostate-specific antigen test

blood test used to screen for prostte cancer in which elevated levels of psa are associated with prostate enlargement and cancer