print concepts and decoding flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key phonological awareness skills, concepts of print, and foundational phonics terms for early reading development.

Phoneme Isolation

Identifying a single sound within a word (e.g., /j/ is the first sound in "jet").

Phoneme Blending

Combining individual phonemes to form a whole word (e.g., /j/ /e/ /t/ blended makes "jet").

Phoneme Segmentation

Breaking a word into its separate phonemes (e.g., "jet" → /j/ /e/ /t/).

Phoneme Addition

Adding a phoneme to a word to create a new word (e.g., add /s/ to "jet" → "jets").

Phoneme Deletion

Removing a phoneme from a word to form a new word (e.g., remove /j/ from "jet" → "et").

Phoneme Substitution

Replacing one phoneme with another to form a new word (e.g., change /j/ in "jet" to /s/ → "set").

Phonological Awareness

Umbrella term for the ability to recognize and manipulate sounds in spoken language, from large chunks (words, syllables) to individual phonemes.

Phonemic Awareness

Sub-skill of phonological awareness involving recognition and manipulation of individual phonemes in words.

Rhyme Awareness / Alliteration

Recognizing words that rhyme or share the same beginning sounds.

Word Awareness

Understanding that sentences consist of individual words.

Syllable Awareness

Ability to hear and count the vowel-based units (syllables) in words.

Onset–Rime Production

Identifying the initial consonant(s) (onset) and the vowel plus following letters (rime) in a syllable.

Print Carries Meaning

Concept that printed text conveys messages and information.

Letter, Word, and Sentence Representation

Recognition that letters form words and words combine to create sentences.

Book Orientation

Knowledge of how to hold a book correctly and locate the cover, pages, and print.

Directionality and Tracking

Understanding that English print is read left-to-right, top-to-bottom, and matching speech to print while reading.

Consonant Blends

Two or more consonants blended together while each retains its sound (e.g., bl, cr, st, str).

Consonant Digraphs

Two consonants that combine to make one sound (e.g., sh, ch, th, wh).

Silent e (Magic e)

Pattern where a final silent e makes the preceding vowel long (e.g., bake, lime, hope).

Vowel Digraphs

Two vowels together that make a single vowel sound (e.g., ai, ee, oa).

Diphthongs

Vowel combinations that glide from one sound to another (e.g., oi, oy, ou, ow).

R-Controlled Vowels

Vowel followed by r, where the r affects the vowel sound (e.g., ar, er, ir, or, ur).

Inflectional Endings

Suffixes that change a word’s grammatical function or tense (e.g., -ed, -ing, -s, -er, -est).

Decoding

Process of translating written symbols (graphemes) into spoken sounds (phonemes) to read words.

Concepts of Print

Understanding of how written language works, including text organization and basic book handling.

Phonics

Instruction linking phonemes (sounds) to graphemes (letters) for decoding and encoding words.