ELISA, Antibiotics, PCR, and Immunology Flashcards

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering diagnostic testing, antibiotic mechanisms, microbiology classifications, PCR procedures, and immunology from the lecture transcript.

An ELISA test works by using antibodies and an enzyme that causes a __________ if the target substance is present.

color change

An ELISA test can identify patients with bacterial meningitis by detecting __________ antigens.

Neisseria meningitidis

secondary

In an ELISA test, a primary antibody attaches to the antigen while a __________ antibody with an attached enzyme binds to the primary antibody.

Cell wall inhibitors are an antibiotic mechanism of action (MOA) that block bacterial __________ building.

cell wall

Protein synthesis inhibitors block bacterial __________ from making proteins.

ribosomes

The four main antibiotic mechanisms of action include cell wall inhibitors, protein synthesis inhibitors, DNA/RNA inhibitors, and __________ inhibitors.

Metabolic

__________ is defined as a process of repeatedly diluting a sample to make it less concentrated.

Serial Dilution

Gram Positive bacteria have a thick cell wall and stain __________.

purple

Gram Negative bacteria have a thinner cell wall and an outer membrane and stain __________.

pink

__________ are short pieces of DNA that start DNA copying, and two are needed to make two copies of DNA at a time.

Primers

Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA paired as A-T and __________.

C-G

__________ is an enzyme that builds new DNA strands by adding the right DNA bases during PCR.

DNA Polymerase

The machine that heats and cools DNA during PCR is called a __________.

DNA Thermal Cycler

In the PCR flow map, heating the DNA to separate the two strands is known as __________.

Denaturing

In PCR, the step where the primer sticks to the DNA strand is called __________.

Annealing

In PCR, the step where DNA polymerase adds new DNA bases to the primers to make new DNA strands is called __________.

Extension

When an antigen enters the body, __________ recognize it as harmful and produce matching antibodies.

B lymphocytes

It is better to test for disease __________ than antibodies because they can be detected earlier.

antigens