Nucleus
center of cell
includes nucleus envelope, nucleolus, and nuclear pores
Has a double membrane
houses DNA and controls cell activities.
Controls protein synthesis, produces mRNA and tRNA
Manufactures rRNA and ribosomes
nucleolus
Centre organelle inside nucleus
Assembles ribosomes
Synthesizes RNA
Nucleoplasm
A jelly like substance that makes up the bulk of the nucleus.
Function of the nucleus
Store the Dna
Control the cell activities
Manufacture rRNA and ribosomes
Control centre for protein synthesis
Production of mRNA and tRNA
Nuclear envelope
double membrane
has pores
continuation onto ER
Surrounds the nucleus
provide entry and exit of proteins and RNA through pores
Nuclear pores
Allow large molecules to pass, such as mRNA out the nucleus.
Ribosome
Made of 2 sub units
Made by the nucleulus
membrane bound to the RER or free
Site for protein translation.
Made out of rRNA and protein
Function of ribosomes
Protein translation
Cell membrane
"selective permeability"
multi layer
surrounds cytoplasm - lipids, proteins, carbs
Chemical reactions happen here
Cell wall
provides structure and support to cells under osmotic pressure
Plant cell wall made if Cellulose
Fungi cell wall made of Chetin
Mitochondria structure
Has a double membrane
Has Cristae, matrix, inner and outer membrane.
Mitochondria function
Supply the cell with energy from aerobic respiration.
Chloroplast
Has a double membrane
stroma: inside space
thylakoid system: connect thylakoid membrane in grana, convert light energy into chemical energy
chlorophyll: helps process of photosynthesis
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
photosynthesis
produce proteins and lipids required for production of chloroplast membrane
Cytoskeleton - general role
made up of microtubules,
support to cell and maintain its internal structure
Provides tracks by which vesicles are carried around inside the cell
Centrisome
Made up of 2 centrioles
Which allow the mitotic spindle to form for mitosis and cytokenisis
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
network of membranes that contains ribosomes
produce proteins for cell
Has membrane bound ribosomes to translate proteins from mRNA
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
contains tubular membranes
does not have ribosomes on the surface
plays role in synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids
Golgi apparatus
made up of series of stacked cisternae
located in cytoplasm next to endoplasmic reticulum
transportation, modification, packaging of lipids and proteins into vesicles to deliver diff. destination in cell
Lysosome
membrane bound organelle contains digestive enzymes and lysozyme.
breaks down excess cell parts and worn out cell parts
Vacuoles
space within cell
empty of cytoplasm
lined with membrane, filled with fluid
The mitochondria matrix
Contains protein, lipids ribosomes and Dna- that allows the
Cristae
Extensions of the inner membrane which provides a large surface area for enzymes and proteins to attach during respiration
Tonoplast
The membrane that surrounds th vacuole
Stroma
The matrix in a cholorplast
Granum/Grana
A series of stacked thylakoids