Eastern cavity nesting bees

cerana, koschevnikovi, nigrocincta, nuluensis

recognized species of eastern-cavity nesting bees

nigrocincta and koschevnikovi

eastern cavity-nesting species more prevalent in the forest

nuluensis

eastern cavity-nester at high altitudes

18

number of approximate drones eastern cavity nesters mate with

close proximity to trees or high in open air

drone congregation of A. cerana

under thick cover of vegetation

drone congregation of A. koschevnikovi

9-ODA

major component in pheromone present in all species recognized by drones

postzygotic barrier

disturbs normal development of hybrid offspring

propolis

collection of plant resins deposited as a lining envelope within the nest cavity

bee rubbing

involves rubbing the prey against a rough surface to remove the stinger before swallowing

alarm pheromone

released during stinging

shimmering or body shaking

workers move their abdomens dorsoventrally to create a ripple effect synchronously harmonized with a wave-like hissing sound

700hz

frequency of A. cerana body shaking

bee-hawking

capturing individual foragers sometimes in the area around the nest entrance

goalkeeping

hovers in front of a nest entrance while facing outward to catch departing or returning bees

heat-balling

clustering tightly about the hornet and raising body temp to a lethal level by vibrating wing muscles

colony collapse disorder

happens when majority of worker bees in a colony disappears, leaving only few nurse bees to care for the brood and queens

15 to 25kg

honey produced per colony by A. cerana