Tissues Test 10/27

The four main tissue types are epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue

What are the four main tissue types called?

Epithelial tissue characteristics are: 

1. Cells fit closely together 

2. Tissue layer always has one free surface= apical surface 

3. The lower surface is bound by a basement membrane

4. Avascular (have no blood supply)

What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?

Avascular means having no blood supply

What does avascular mean?

Epithelial tissue is found in body coverings, body linings and glanduar tissue

Where is epithelial tissue found?

Epithelial tissue functions are:

1. Protection

2. Absorption

3. Filtration

4. Secretion

What are the functions for epithelial tissue?

The characteristics for connective tissue are: 

1. Variations in blood supply 

2. Some tissue types are well vascularized 

3. Some have poor blood supply or are avascular (have no blood supply) 

4. Extracellular matrix 

5. All connective tissues secrete a non-living material that surrounds living cells 

What are the characteristics for connective tissue?

Connective tissue is found in the bones, cartilage and blood

Where is connective tissue found?

Functions for connective tissue:

1. Found everywhere in the body

2. Includes the most abundant and widely distributed tissues

3. Binds body tissues together

4. Supports the body

5. Provides protection

What are the functions for connective tissue?

Muscle tissue characteristics are:

1. Producing movement

2. Has three types: Cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle

What are the characteristics for muscle tissue?

The two main elements for extracellular matrix are:

1. Fibers

2. Ground substance -mostly water with adhesion proteins and polysaccharide molecules 

What are the two main elements of the extracellular matrix (involved with connective tissue)?

Fibers are involved with extracellular matrix:

1. Fibers are produced by cells

2. Three types: Elastic, collagen and reticular fibers

How are fibers involved with the extracellular matrix?

Smooth muscle characteristics are:

1. Involuntary muscle

2. Attached to other smooth muscle cells

3. Cells are striated 

4. One nucleus per cell

What are the characteristics for smooth muscle (involved with muscle tissue)/?

Cardiac muscle characteristics are:

1. Pumps blood involuntarily 

2. Cells are striated 

3. Found only in the heart 

4. One nucleus per cell

What are the characteristics for cardiac muscle (involved with muscle tissue)?

Muscle tissue is found in:

1. Skeletal muscle (bones) 

2. Cardiac muscle (heart) 

3. Smooth muscle (blood vessels) 

Where is muscle tissue found?

Nervous tissue characteristics are:

1. Sending impulses to other areas of the body

2. Irritability and conductivity

3. Has a huge role in the nervous tissue

What are the characteristics for nervous tissue?

In the nervous tissue also neurons are important and nerve support cells = glial cells (they are alongside neurons)

How are neurons involved with nervous tissue?

Nervous tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord and nerves

Where is nervous tissue found?

Simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar and pseudostratifed

What are the 4 terms to know for simple epithelium?

The 3 shapes of cells for epithelium are:

1. Squamous - flattened

2. Cuboidal - cube-shape cells

3. Columnar - column-like cells

What are the 3 shapes of cells for epithelium?

The characteristics for simple squamous are: 

1. Single layer of flat cells 

2. Usually forms membranes 

3. Lines body cavities 

4. Lines lungs and capillaries 

What are the characteristics for simple squamous?

The characteristics for simple cuboidal are:

1. Single layer of cube-like cells 

2. Common in glands and their ducts 

3. Forms walls and kidney tubules 

4. Covers the ovaries 

What are the characteristics for simple cuboidal?

The characteristics for simple columnar are:

1. Single layer of tall cells

2. Often includes goblet cells, which produce mucus

3. Lines digestive tract

What are the characteristics for simple columnar?

The characteristics for pseudostratified: 

1. Single layer, but some cells are shorter than others 

2. Often looks like a double cell layer 

3. Sometimes ciliated, such as the respiratory tract 

4. May function in absorption or secretion 

What are the characteristics for pseudostratified with simple epithelium?

Stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal and stratified columnar

What are the 3 terms to know for stratified epithelium?

The characteristics for stratified squamous are:

1. Cells at the free edge are flattened

2. Found as a protective covering where friction is common

3. It is located in the skin, mouth and esophagus

4. Can be keratinized (skin) or non-keratinized (mouth and esophagus)

What are the characteristics for stratified squamous epithelium?

The characteristic for stratified cuboidal is: Two layers of cuboidal cells

What are the characteristics for stratified cuboidal?

The characteristic for stratified columnar is:

Surface cells are columnar, cells underneath vary in size

What are the characteristics for stratified columnar?

The characteristics for both stratified cuboidal and columnar are: 

1. Rare in the human body 

2. Found mainly in the ducts of large glands 

What are the characteristics for both stratified cuboidal and columnar?

The characteristics for bone as a connective tissue is:

Used to protect and support the body

What are the characteristics for bone (osseous tissue) as a connective tissue?

The characteristic for dense connective tissue as a connective tissue is:

1. Main matrix element is collagen fibers

Examples

2. Tendon - attach muscle to bone

3. Ligaments - attach bone to bone

4. Regular and irregular

What are the characteristics for dense connective tissue as a connective tissue?

The characteristics for hyaline cartilage as a connective tissue are:

1. Most common cartilage

2. Entire fetal skeleton is hyaline cartilage

What are the characteristics for hyaline cartilage as a connective tissue?

The characteristics for elastic cartilage as a connective tissue are: 

1. Provides elasticity

2. Example: Supports the external car

What are the characteristics for elastic cartilage as a connective tissue?

The characteristics for fibrocartilage as a connective tissue are: 

1. Highly compressible 

2. Example: forms cushion-like discs between vertebrae 

What are the characteristics for fibrocartilage as a connective tissue?

The characteristics for areolar (loose) tissue as a connective tissue are:

1. Most widely distributed connective tissue 

2. Soft, pliable tissue 

3. Dermis of skin is areolar tissue 

What are the characteristics for areolar (loose) tissue as a connective tissue?

The characteristics for adipose tissue as a connective tissue are:

1. Many cells contain large lipid deposits

2. Insulates the body

3. Protects some organs

4. Serves as a site for a fuel storage

What are the characteristics for adipose tissue (AKA fat) as a connective tissue?

The characteristics for reticular connective tissue as a connective tissue are:

1. Forms internal supporting network of lymphoid organs

2. Lymph nodes

3. Spleen

4. Bone marrow

What are the characteristics for reticular connective tissue as a connective tissue?

The characteristics for blood as a connective tissue are: 

1. Blood cells surrounded by fluid matrix 

2. Fibers are visible during clotting 

3. Functions to transport materials 

What are the characteristics for blood as a connective tissue? 

The three types of cartilage are hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage

What are the three types of cartilage to know?

The names for all the different types of connective tissue are: 

1. Bone (osseous tissue) 

2. Hyaline cartilage 

3. Elastic cartilage 

4. Fibrocartilage 

5. Dense connective tissue 

5. Areolar (loose) connective tissue 

6. Adipose tissue (AKA fats) 

7. Reticular connective tissue 

8. Blood 

What are the names for all the different types of connective tissue?

The characteristics for glandular epithelium are: 

Gland - one or more cells that secretes a particular product 

There are two major gland types: Endoctrine and exocrine gland 

What are the characteristics for glandular epithelium? 

The definition of the endocrine gland for glandular epithelium is:

1. Ductless

2. Secretion are hormones

What is the definition of the endocrine gland for glandular epithelium?

The definition of exocrine gland for glandular epithelium is:

1. Empty through ducts to the epithelial surface

2. Include sweat and oil glands

What is the definition of the exocrine gland for glandular epithelium?

The definition of regeneration with tissue repair is:

The replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells

What is the definition of regeneration with tissue repair?

The definition of fibrosis with tissue repair is: 

Repair by dense fibrous connective tissue (scar tissue)

What is the definition of fibrosis with tissue repair?

The definition of the determination method with tissue repair is:

1. Type of tissue damaged

2. Severity of the injury

What is the definition of the determination method with tissue repair?

1. Capillaries become lucky

• Introduce clotting proteins

• Wall of injured area

2. Formation of fibrous connective tissue

3. Regeneration of surface epithelium

What are the 3 events that take place with tissue repair?

Two tissues that regenerate easily are:

1. Epithelial tissue

2. Fibrous connective tissue and bone

What are two tissues that regenerate easily?

Skeletal muscle is the tissue that regenerates poorly

What tissue regenerates poorly?

Two tissues that are replaced largely with scar tissue are:

1. Cardiac muscle

2. Nervous tissue within the brain and spinal cord

What are two tissues that are replaced largely with scar tissue?