[1] Bacillus Anthracis - Microbial Diseases
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41 Terms
What are the two genera of sporogenous rod shaped bacteria?
Aerobic Bacilli and Anaerobic Clostridia
What is the causative agent of anthrax and a biowarfare tool?
B. anthracis
What is the motility exception for B. anthracis?
Non motile
Who first saw pathogenic bacteria under a microscope in 1849?
Pollender
Who first transmitted anthrax by inoculation in 1850?
Davaine
Who first isolated B. anthracis in pure culture in 1876?
Robert Koch
Who created the first attenuated vaccine in 1881?
Louis Pasteur
What are the dimensions of this largest pathogenic bacteria?
3 to 10 micrometers by 1 to 1.6 micrometers
What is the chemical makeup of the capsule?
Polypeptide polymer of D glutamic acid
What culture conditions are needed for capsule formation?
Bicarbonate or 10 to 25 percent CO2
What is the shape and width of the spores?
Elliptical or oval and same width as bacillary body
What is the characteristic arrangement in culture?
Bamboo stick appearance
Where do spores never form?
Inside living animal or host body
What is required for sporulation but not germination?
Oxygen
What substance inhibits the sporulation process?
Calcium CaCl
What chemicals encourage sporulation?
Distilled water or 2 percent NaCl
What is the colonial appearance under low power microscopy?
Medusa head appearance
What are the ingredients in selective PLET medium?
Polymyxin Lysozyme EDTA and Thallus acetate
What sugars are fermented into acid without gas?
Glucose maltose and sucrose
What are the results for nitrate and catalase tests?
Nitrates to nitrites and catalase positive
How long do vegetative bacteria survive in bone marrow?
One week
How long do vegetative bacteria survive in animal skin?
Two weeks
How long must spores be boiled to be killed?
10 minutes
What chemical kills spores in 15 minutes?
4 percent potassium permanganate
What is the term for destroying spores on wool or hair?
Duckering
Which animals are primarily affected by anthrax?
Cattle sheep horses and swine
How do animals typically catch anthrax?
Ingestion of spores
What are the three clinical forms in humans?
Cutaneous pulmonary and intestinal
What are the non industrial occupational risks?
Veterinarians butchers and farmers
What is the synonym for cutaneous anthrax?
Hide porter’s disease
What is the classic cutaneous necrotic lesion called?
Malignant pustule or black eschar
What is the synonym for pulmonary anthrax?
Wool sorter’s disease
What are major complications of pulmonary anthrax?
Hemorrhagic pneumonia and meningitis
What causes the intestinal form of the disease?
Ingestion of infected carcass
Why is an animal autopsy not allowed?
Prevents release of bacteria for sporulation
What reaction uses methylene blue to see the capsule?
M’Fadyean’s reaction
Which serological test detects anthrax antigen?
Ascoli’s thermoprecipitation test
What vaccine is used for animals?
Mazzucchi vaccine
What is the human prophylaxis for anthrax?
Alum precipitated toxoid
How should infected animal carcasses be disposed?
Deep burial in quicklime or cremation
What are the primary antibiotics for treatment?
Penicillin erythromycin doxycycline and ciprofloxaci