American Short Stories & English Grammar

Flashcards for review of English grammar topics and American Short Stories covered in class.

The first module concentrates on some grammar and __ structures of the English language.

morphosyntactic

Tom __ every day. (Simple Present)

studies

Tom __ last night. (Simple Past)

studied

Tom __ tomorrow. (Simple Future)

will study

Tom __ right now. (Present Progressive)

is studying

Tom __ when they came. (Past Progressive)

was studying

Tom __ when they come. (Future Progressive)

will be studying

Tom __ Chapter 1. (Present Perfect)

has already studied

Tom __ Chapter 1 before he began studying Chapter 2. (Past Perfect)

had already studied

Tom __ for two hours. (Present Perfect Progressive)

has been studying

Tom __ for two hours before his friends came. (Past Perfect Progressive)

had been studying

Tom __ Chapter 4 before he studies Chapter 5. (Future Perfect)

will already have studied

Tom __ for two hours by the time his roommate gets home. (Future Perfect Progressive)

will have been studying

An __ verb (or a helping verb as it’s also called) is used with a main verb to help express the main verb’s tense, mood or voice

auxiliary

The main __ verbs are to be, to have, and to do.

auxiliary

The modal auxiliary verbs never __ their forms.

change

You can use have you? / is it? / can’t she?, etc., at the end of a sentence. These “mini questions” are __ questions.

tag

In general we use __ (also somebody/someone/something) in positive sentences and any (also anybody etc.) in negative sentences.

some

A __ is a word that replaces a noun or a noun phrase.

pronoun

__ pronouns are short words used to represent people or things. The personal pronouns are I, you, he, she, it, we, and they.

Personal

I, you, he, she, it, we, and they are the __ personal pronouns.

subjective

The __ personal pronouns are me, you, him, her, it, us, and them.

objective

The __ pronouns are mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, and theirs.

possessive

The __ pronouns are myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves. A reflexive pronoun refers back to the subject.

reflexive

__ pronouns are used to demonstrate (or indicate). This, that, these, and those are all demonstrative pronouns.

Demonstrative

An __ pronoun refers to a non-specific person or thing.

indefinite

The main __ pronouns are what, which, who, whom, and whose. Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions.

interrogative

A __ pronoun introduces an adjective clause

relative

The _ (-er/more) compares two things or people.

comparative

The _ (-est/most) compares three or more things or people.

superlative

An __ is a word used to modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.

adverb

Modal __ verbs combine with other verbs to express ideas such as necessity, possibility, intention, and ability.

auxiliary

An __ is a group of words established by usage as having a meaning not deducible from those of the individual words

idiom

A __ verb consists of a verb + a preposition or an adverb (or both) that together have a special meaning

phrasal