ap biology: Unit 3 - Enzymes

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15 Terms

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First Law of Thermodynamics

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred.

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Second Law of Thermodynamics

Energy transfer leads to increased disorder, or entropy.

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Exergonic Reactions

Reactions where the products have less energy than the reactants.

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Endergonic Reactions

Reactions where the products have more energy than the reactants.

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Enzymes

Biological catalysts that speed up reactions by lowering activation energy.

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Activation Energy

The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction.

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Enzyme Specificity

Each enzyme catalyzes only one specific kind of reaction.

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Substrates

Molecules that enzymes target during enzymatic reactions.

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Active Site

The special region on an enzyme where substrate binding occurs.

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Induced-fit Model

The concept that enzymes change shape slightly to better fit their substrates.

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Cofactors

Factors that assist enzymes in catalyzing reactions, can be organic or inorganic.

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Enzyme Denaturation

The alteration of an enzyme's structure, often due to extreme temperature or pH.

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Saturation Point

The concentration of substrate at which all enzyme active sites are occupied.

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Competitive Inhibition

When an inhibitor competes with the substrate for the active site.

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Noncompetitive Inhibition

When an inhibitor binds to an allosteric site, distorting the enzyme shape.