Structure and functions of organelles

Where is the cell surface membrane found in animal cells and in other cells ?

In animal cells it is found on the surface of the cell and inside the cell wall of other cells - it is made mainly of lipids and proteins

What is the function of the cell surface membrane?

It regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell, it also has receptor molecules on it to allow it to respond to chemicals like hormones.

What is the structure of the nucleus?

A large organelle which is surrounded by a nuclear envelope which contains nuclear pores, it contains DNA and the nucleous

What is the function of the nucleus?

It controls the cells activities, DNA contains instructions to amake proteins and the pores allow substances to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The nucleous makes ribosomes.

What is the structure of the mitochondrion ?

Usually oval shaped with a double membrane, inner folded to form structures called cristae, matrix containers enzymes which are involved in respiration.

What is the function of the mitochondrion ?

The site of aerobic respiration which prudes ATP ,cells that are very active and require a lot of energy will have more mitochondria

What is the structure of chloroplasts ?

It is surrounded by a double membrane and also has membranes inside called thylakoid membranes, these are stacked up in some pats of the chloroplasts to form grana which are linked by lamellae .

What is the function of the chloroplast ?

It is the site of photosynthesis some parts happen in the grana and some happen in the stroma

What is the structure of the Golgi apparatus?

A group of fluid filled membrane-bound sacs.Vesicles are often seen at the edges of the sacs.

What is the structure of the Golgi vesicle?

A small fluid filled sack in the cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane and produced by the Golgi apparatus.

What is the function of the Golgi vesicle?

It stores lipids and proteins made by the Gogi apparatus and transports them out of the cell.

What is the structure of a lysosome?

Consistent hydrolytic enzymes which can be used to digest invading cells or to break down won out cell components.

What is the structure of of a ribosome?

A very small organelle that floats free in the cytoplasm or is attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum it’s made of proteins and RNA it’s not surrounded by a membrane.

What Is the function of a ribosome?

The site of protein synthesis

What is the structure of the rough endoplasmic recticulum ?

A system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space. The surface is covered with ribosomes.

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

It folds and processes proteins that have been made at the ribosomes

What is the structure of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

It has the same structure as the rough endoplasmic reticulum but with no ribosomes

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

It synthesise and processes lipids

What is the structure of the cell wall?

A rigid structure made of cellulose in plants and algae in fungi is made of chitin

What is the function of the cell wall?

It supports the cell and prevent it from changing shape

What is the structure of the cell vacuole?

A membrane-bound organelle found in the cytoplasm. It contains cell sap and the surrounding membrane is called tonoplast.

What is the function of the cell vacuole ?

It helps to maintain pressure inside the cell and keep the cell rigid. This stops plant wilting. It’s also involved in the isolation of unwanted chemicals inside the cell.