HHP: Chapter 12 Structure of Heart

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44 Terms

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Components of Cardiovascular System

  1. Blood

  2. Heart

  3. Blood Vessels

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Blood

Medium to carry substances through the body

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Heart

Mechanical pump that moves blood via bulk flow

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Blood Vessels

Structures carrying blood throughout body

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Transportation in different organisms

Single Celled: Diffusion

Multi-Cellular: Bulk Flow

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Transportation of Nutrients

Diffusion occurs over four different compartments

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4 Different compartments involved in diffusion

  1. Intracellular Fluid

  2. Interstitial Fluid

  3. Plasma

  4. Organs

<ol><li><p>Intracellular Fluid</p></li><li><p>Interstitial Fluid</p></li><li><p>Plasma</p></li><li><p>Organs</p></li></ol><p></p>
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Where do all blood cells descend from

Multipotent Hematopoietic Stem Cells

<p>Multipotent Hematopoietic Stem Cells</p>
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Where does cell differentiation occur?

Bone Marrow

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2 types of cell differentiaton

  1. Myeloid Cells

  2. Lymphocyte Cells

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Formed elements of blood

  1. Erythrocytes (Red BC)

  2. Leukocytes (White BC)

  3. Platelets (Cell Fragments)

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Erythrocytes

Red Blood Cells

Transport O2

99% of Cells

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Leukocytes

White Blood Cells

Immune FunctionP

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Platelets

Cell Fragments

Blood Clotting

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2 things blood is composed of

Formed elements and plasma

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Plasma

90% water

Plasma Proteins move water through compartments based on non penetrating proteins

Hormones

Mineral Electrocytes

Gases: O2 and CO2

Metabolic Wastes

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Male and Female Blood Amount

M: 5.5 L

F: 4.5 L

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Hematocrit

Shows percentage of how much of blood is composed of RBCs

Splits plasma, leukocytes/platelets, and Erythrocytes

<p>Shows percentage of how much of blood is composed of RBCs</p><p>Splits plasma, leukocytes/platelets, and Erythrocytes</p>
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Male and Female % of RBCs

Males: 45%

Females: 42%

Plasma: 55%

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Right and Left Atria

Receiving chambers for blood returning to heart

Superior

<p>Receiving chambers for blood returning to heart</p><p>Superior </p>
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Right and Left Ventricle

Pumping Chambers

Create force for blood flow

Inferior and larger

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Right Heart

Pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs

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Left Heart

Pumps oxygenated blood throughout rest of body

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Pericardium

Fibrous sac enclosing heart

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Myocardium

Walls of Heart that encircles heart

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Endothelium

Lines chambers and vessels

<p>Lines chambers and vessels </p>
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Atria and Ventricle Myocardium

Thinner and Atria

Thicker in Ventricles because stronger pumping

Thicker on left side due to pumping to entire body

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Interventricular Septa

Separates right and left hearts

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AV Valves

Valve that separates atria and ventricle

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Right AV Valve

Tricuspid valve

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Left AV Valve

Bicuspid valve / mitral valve

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Semilunar Vavles

Prevent back flow from main arteries

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Two Semilunar valves

Aortic and Pulmonar semilunar valves

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Right Heart blood flow

Deoxygenated blood from tissues —> Vena Cava —> right atrium —> right ventricle —> tricuspid valve —> pulmonary blood vessels —> lungs

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Left Heart Blood Flow

Oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins —> left atrium —> left ventricle —> aortic semilunar valve —> aorta —> blood vessels to rest of body

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Circulation of Blood

Aorta —> Arteries —> Arterioles —> Capillaries —> Venules —> veins

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Microcirculation

Arterioles —> capillaries —> venules

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Capillaries

Where most nutrient transport occurs

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Systemic Circulation

Circulation throughout body and not lungs

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Systemic Circulation Path

Aorta —> Arterioles and capillaries in regional vascular beds —> Organ blood flow —> Venules, veins and vena cava

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Pulmonary Circulation

Lungs

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Pulmonary Circulation

Aorta —> Deoxygenated Pulmonary Arteries —> Arterioles —> Capillaries —> Venules —> Oxygenated Pulmonary Veins

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Coronary Circulation

Pathway of how we get nutrients to the heart

Clots in this cause heart attacks

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