Chemistry Chapter 10 Test 3/13/25

the SI base unit used to measure the amount of a substance

Mole

6.02 x 10^23; in honor of Italian physicist/lawyer Amedeo Avogadro who in 1811 determined the volume of 1 mol of a gas

Avogadro's number

the mass in grams of one mole of any pure substance

Molar Mass

percent by mass of each element in a compound

Percent composition

the formula with the smallest whole number mole ratio of the elements for a compound

empirical formula

specifies the actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule or formula unit of the substance

Molecular Formula

A compound that has a specific number of water molecules bound to its atoms

Hydrate

What is the mole?

The SI base unit used to measure the amount of a substance

What is 6.02x10²³?

Avogadro's Number, which is any kind of particle (atom, molecule, formula unit, electron, ion etc.)

What are particles?

Atom=molecule=formula unit=electron=ion

What does 1 mole equal?

6.02x10²³ particles

If you are converting from moles to grams what do you do?

Multiply by molar mass

If you are converting from grams to moles what do you do?

Divide by molar mass

If you are converting from moles to particles what do you do?

Multiply by 6.02x10²³

If you are converting from particles to moles what do you do?

Divide by 6.02x10²³

Do 1 mol of cooper and 1 mol of carbon have the same masses?

No

What is molar mass?

The mass in grams of one mole of any pure substance

What is the molar mass equivalent to and what is its unit?

Atomic mass, g/mol

What does the molar mass of a compound demonstarte?

The law of conservation of mass

What is the percent by mass formula?

mass of element/mass of compound x 100

What is the empirical formula for a compound?

The smallest whole-number mole ratio of the elements

What is a hydrate?

A compound that has a specific number of water molecules bound to its atoms

What is the prefix for one?

mono-

What is the prefix for two?

di-

What is the prefix for three?

tri-

What is the prefix for four?

tetra-

What is the prefix for five?

penta-

What is the prefix for six?

hexa-

What is the prefix for seven?

hecta-

What is the prefix for eight?

octa-

What is the prefix for nine?

nona-

What is the prefix for ten?

deca-

What is an anhydrous form used to for?

Absorb water

How do you find the formula mass?

Add all the moles/atomic masses of each element together

If a number has a decimal how do you find its sig fig?

1st nonzero number to the end

If a number is not a decimal how you find its sig fig?

1st nonzero number to the last nonzero number

What compound absorbs water into their solid structures from substances called hydrates?

Ionic

What does the prefix in the name of hydrate indicate?

The degree of hydration

Name the hydrate

CaCl₂ ∙ 8 H₂O

Calcium Chloride octahydrate

Write the formula for the hydrate

Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate

MgSO₄ ∙ 7H₂O