Histology lab

Histology

Study of microscopic anatomy

Microtome

Instrument used to cut slices for the slides

Cell

Membrane bound structure with organelles

Tissue

Collections of cells that have a similar structure and function

Types of tissues

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

Epithelial Tissue Characteristics

high regeneration capacity, avascular, attached to neighboring cells and basement membrane

Epithelial Tissue functions

covers surfaces, lines insides of organs and body cavities

Lines digestive tract

Simple columnar epithelium

Epidermis of skin

Stratified squamous epithelium

Lines urinary bladder

Transitional epithelium

connective tissue characteristics

have protein fibers

Connective tissue function

protects, binds together, and supports organs

Fat

adipose connective tissue

ligaments and tendons

dense regular connective tissue

Dermis of skin

dense irregular connective tissue

Articular cartilage in joints

Hyaline cartilage

Blood and lymph

fluid connective tissue

muscle tissue characteristics

contractile; receives stimulation from nervous system and/or endocrine system

Muscle tissue function

facilitates movement of skeleton or organ walls

muscles attached to bones

skeletal muscle

Muscle layer in heart

Cardiac muscle

muscle layer of digestive tract

Smooth muscle

Cells that make up the nervous system

neurons and glial cells

neuron characteristics

excitability, conductivity, secretion, extreme longevity, amitotic

glial cell characteristics

nonexcitable, mitotic

Neuron function

control activities, process information

Glail cell function

support and protect neurons

Nervous tissue found in brain and spinal cord

Neuron and glial cells

simple vs stratified epithelium

Simple- one layer

Stratified- multiple layers

where simple squamous epithelium is found

found in air sacs of lungs

function of simple squamous epithelium

Rapid diffusion, filtration, and some secretion in serous membranes

simple squamous epithelium

single layer of flattened cells

where simple cuboidal epithelium is found

kidney tubules, thyroid gland

function of simple cuboidal epithelium

absorption and secretion

simple cuboidal epithelium (Kidney tubules)

simple cuboidal epithelium (thyroid gland)

nonciliated simple columnar epithelium

location of nonciliated simple columnar epithelium

lining of most of digestive tract

Function of nonciliated simple columnar epithelium

absorption and section; secretion of mucin

ciliated simple columnar epithelium

cilated simple columnar epithelium function

Secretion of mucin and movement of mucus along surface of epithelium by the cilia

location of ciliated simple columnar epithelium

fallopian tubes

function of cilia

longer than microvilli

involved in movement of materials

function of Microvilli

increase surface area for absorption

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar ET

pseudostratified ciliated columnar ET function

protection and secretion of mucin and movement of mucus across surface by ciliary action

Location of pseudo stratified ciliated columnar ET

trachea

Keratinized stratified squamous ET

function of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Protection of underlying tissue

location of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Epidermis of skin

non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Function of non-keratinized stratified squamous

protection of underlying tissue

Location of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

esophagus

stratified cuboidal epithelium tissue

exocrine ducts

Stratified columnar ET

found in male urethra

Transitional ET

Transitional ET function

distention and relaxation to accommodate urine volume in bladder

Location of transitional ET

Parts of kidney, lining of urinary bladder

Connective tissue types

Embryonic, connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, fluid

extracellular matrix

fibers- collagen, elastic, reticular

ground substance- solid, semisolid, watery

Mesenchyme

Tissue that creates other tissues

Found throughout body of embryo, fetus, and adults

Has spicuoles.

Mucous C.T. (Wharton's Jelly)

found in umbilical cord of fetus

Areolar CT

areolar CT function

protects, cushions, and insulates

location of areolar CT

Papillary layer of dermis

Adipose CT

adipose connective tissue function

Stores energy; insulates, cushions, and protects

reticular connective tissue

reticular cT function

provides support for spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, bone marrow

location of reticular connective tissue

spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow

dense regular connective tissue

function of dense regular connective tissue

attaches muscles to bones or to muscles; attaches bones to bones; withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction

location of regular dense connective tissue

tendons and ligaments

Dense Irregular CT

function of dense irregular CT

withstands tension exerted in many directions; provides structural strength

location of dense irregular CT

dermis

Elastic CT

elastic CT function

allows stretching of some organs

elastic CT location

walls of elastic arteries (such as aorta), trachea, vocal cords

cells of connective tissue

fibroblasts, adipocytes, mesenchymal cells, macrophages

Loose connective tissues

areolar, adipose, reticular

dense connective tissues

dense regular, dense irregular, elastic

Supporting CT

bone and cartilage

compact bone CT

function of compact bone

protection and support; stores calcium and phosphorous

location of compact bone

bones in body

Cancellous bone

function of cancellous bone

site of hematopoiesis

red bone marrow, where red blood cells are made

location of cancellous bone

bones in body

hyaline cartilage

hyaline cartilage function

supports and reinforces; serves as resilient cushion; resists compressive stress

location of hyaline cartilage

trachea

elastic cartilage

function of elastic cartilage

maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility

location of elastic cartilage

epiglottis

Fibrocartilage

fibrocartilage function

resists compression and absorbs shock

fibrocartilage location

intervertebral disks, menisci of knee joints

Fluid CT: Blood

transport O2 and CO2

within blood vessels

Fluid CT: Lymph

contained in lymphatic system