NUR sp exam 2b

What is a branch of philosophy called___

Moral Philosophy

What is the purpose of ethics?

Seeks to provide answers to some of the questions of god human conduct and attempts to determine what is right or good.

What is an ethical dilemma?

When guiding moral principles cannot determine course of action is right or wrong

Veracity

Telling the truth or not immediately deceiving or misleading clients

Justice

Refers to the quality of being fair

Autonomy

Involves the right of self determination or choice independence and freedom

Beneficence

Come’s from the word beneficent; which means doing or producing good, especially performing acts of kindness and charity

Nonmaleficence

The concept of beneficence extends from promoting good to nonmaleficence (THE PREVENTION OF INTENTIONAL HARM). First do no harm

Fidelity

The obligation to be faithful to the agreements, commitments, and responsibilities that one has made to oneself and others, both implicity and explicitly. Fidelity is the foundation of the concept of accountability that we hear about so often in nursing.

Truth-telling and health care providers

Informed consent important

How do you get through ethical dilemmas?

• Identify and clarify the ethical problem

• gather factual data

• identify and evaluate options

• make a decision

• act and assess

What is whistle-blowing

Reporting suspected wrongdoing either within the organization or outside of it.

Are you protected when you report something?

Yes

Positive Euthanasia

Person chooses to end their life to relieve suffering

Negative euthanasia

The intentional ending of a person’s life by another person

What do you do when you encounter an impaired coworker?

• Have accurate information on actions, dates, and examples of behavior when reporting

• Follow facility policies

• Do not confront the individual or help individual hide situation

How do we prevent breaches in patient confidentiality with electronic electronic medical records?

Training, Security, Passwords, HIPPA

What is the purpose of electrical medical records?

exchange of patient health information, enabling better coordination of care, improved patient outcomes, and increased efficiency within healthcare systems

Positives of electronic medical records?

improved patient care, increased efficiency, enhanced collaboration, reduced errors, and increased patient engagement

What are the benefits of informatics in nursing?

Safe quality care, Information caring and coordination of care, more interactive learning, student use, research

What are the benefits of documentation?

Helps with continuity of care and communication

What are the IHI three objectives for improving quality

• improve the health of the population

• enhance the patient experience of care

• reduce or control the per capita cost of care

How do we define a culture of safety?

Shared values, attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors within an organization that determine its commitment to health and safety

QSEN

olf the population
• Enhance the patient experience of care
• Reduce or control the per capita cost of care

Quality and safety education for nurses

What areas does QSEN add to

• Patient-centered care

• teamwork and collaboration

• evidence-based practice

• quality improvement

• safety

• informatics

Culture of safety

A culture of safety is the extent to which an organization's culture supports and promotes patient and staff safety

PPO

Preferred Provider Organization is a type of health plan that contracts with medical providers such as hospitals and doctors to create a network of participating providers. YOU PAY LESS IF YOU USE PROVIDERS THAT BELONG TO THE PLANS NETWORK.

EPO

Exclusive Provider Organization plan requires you to use doctors and hospitals within the EPO network but you cannot go outside the network for care. no out of network benefits

HMO

Health Maintenance Organization is a type of health insurance that usually limits coverage to care from doctors who work for or contract with the HMO.

Universal healthcare

a system where all citizens or residents of a country have access to quality healthcare services without financial hardship.

What contributes to high costs of healthcare?

technology, new facilities, improved serval rates, aging population

Whats the affordable care acts

Helps ensure that all Americans have access to affordable health insurance

Whats the affordable care acts main purpose?

to expand health insurance coverage, improve the quality of care, and reduce healthcare costs by making insurance more affordable and accessible to more people

How do we control the costs of healthcare?

• Increasing availability of mid-level providers

• changing fee structures

• controlling fraud and abuse

• cost containment measures

• preferred providers contracts

• managed care gatekeeper

• case management

• using acuity measures to determine costs

What are nurse practice models?

Frameworks for the organization of care delivery to patients, several models involve more than nurses.

Holistic model

Thinking about the effects of illness on the body, mind, emotions, spirituality, religion, and personal relationships

Team nursing model

Patient-centered care and efficient cost-effective use of available personnel. Divide workers into teams containing nurses with different levels of knowledge.

Total care nursing model

Planning and providing patient care to assigned patients

Primary nursing model

Caring for someone their entire hospital stay; 24 hours, even make home visits

Functional nursing model

Dividing nurses into care tasks; medication, administration, dressing changes and other treatments

What is case management?

Coordination of all aspects of care for individual patients; work with patients, families, and professionals

Primary prevention

Lifestyle changes

Secondary prevention

Screening

Tertiary Prevention

Prevention of long term disability

What are the goals of healthy people 2030?

• Eliminate preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death

• Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all

• Promote healthy development and healthy behaviors across every life stage

Non communicable diseases

• Cardiovascular diseases

• mental health

• tobacco

• diabetes

• traffic accidents

• diabetes

• traffic accidents

• disabilities

Communicable diseases

• covid

• hepatitis

• hiv aids

• malaria

• tuberculosis

• neglected tropical diseases

Health indicators in healthy people 2030

• physical activity

• overweight

• tobacco

• substance abuse

• responsible sexual behavior

• mental health

• injury violence

• environmental quality

• immunization

• access to healthcare

The goal of health

To develop a society in which all people live long healthy lives

Deductible limit

Amount of money you have to pay before insurance kicks in

Annual Limit

maximum amount of money or coverage that can be claimed or spent within a single year

What is a premium?

How much you pay on a monthly basis to have insurance

Advance directive

Verbal or written instructions made by you; communicate that your wishes about your treatment followed before an illness or injury

Healthcare proxy

A legal document where you designate someone you trust to make medical decisions for you

Why does the ANA have a code of ethics?

guide nurses in ethical decision-making and practice, ensuring the highest standards of car

Why are premiums high?

Location, age, risk factors, and the type of coverage

what the code of ethics includes

code of ethics is divided into previsions, looks at behavior and expectations

Teamstepps

an evidence-based healthcare teamwork system designed to improve patient safety and quality of care

SBAR

standardized way of communicating critical information

S in SBAR stands for

Situation

B in SBAR stands for

Background

A in SBAR stands for

Assessment

R in SBAR stands for

Recommendation

What are the key elements of quality improvement?

• Patient centered care

• Data decision making

• Communication

• Life long learning

• patient safety

What were the repercussions of the IOM

Reductions of certain things; staff, donor funding, etc

Safety

to the state of being protected from harm or danger

Sentinel event

a serious, unexpected occurrence in healthcare that results in; death, severe injury

Near miss

an event that could have caused harm, but did not, often due to chance or timely intervention

adverse event

any undesirable or harmful occurrence that happens to a patient during or after medical treatment or a clinical trial, regardless of whether it's directly caused by the treatment

medic aid

Federal and state programs that provides health for low income individuals

medicare

a federal health insurance program in the United States that provides coverage for eligible individuals, primarily those who are 65 years of age or older

Things that contribute to a culture of safety?

Electronic medical records, handoff reports, timeouts, inking part of body for operation

What are the components of consent?

Verbal, written, implied consent

What did the Patient Self-determination Act of 1990 do?

Federal law that gives patients the right to make decisions about their medical care

What is QSEN?

a national initiative focused on equipping nurses with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) needed to continuously improve the quality and safety of healthcare
systems within which they work.

Children’s health insurance

government-supported health care rights of children

Federal Employees Health Benefits program

the largest employer-sponsored health insurance program in the United States