Year 10 HPE Skeletal, Muscular and Joints Revision Flashcards

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards based on the Year 10 HPE Skeletal, Muscular, and Joints Test Revision Checklist, covering connective tissues, muscle types, anatomical movements, and body planes.

Functions of the skeletal system

The essential roles performed by the skeleton, including support, protection, movement assistance, mineral storage, and blood cell production.

Ligaments

A type of connective tissue that connects one bone to another bone at a joint.

Tendons

A type of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone to allow for movement.

Cartilage

A flexible and smooth connective tissue that protects the ends of bones and reduces friction in joints.

Synovial joint types (6)

The six classifications of joints that allow for a wide range of movement: hinge, ball and socket, pivot, gliding, saddle, and condyloid joints.

Skeletal muscle

Voluntary muscles attached to bones that are responsible for physical movement.

Smooth muscle

Involuntary muscles found in the walls of internal organs, such as the stomach and intestines.

Cardiac muscle

The specialized involuntary muscle tissue found exclusively in the heart.

Agonist

The muscle that provides the primary force for a specific movement, also known as the prime mover.

Antagonist

The muscle that relaxes or stretches to allow the agonist to contract during a movement.

Three muscle contractions and examples

The different ways muscles generate force: concentric (shortening), eccentric (lengthening), and isometric (no change in length).

Appendicular skeleton bones

The division of the skeleton comprising the bones of the limbs and the pectoral and pelvic girdles.

Voluntary muscles

Muscles that are under conscious control, allowing a person to choose when to move them.

Involuntary muscles

Muscles that function automatically without conscious thought, such as those controlling heart rate or digestion.

Flexion

An anatomical movement that decreases the angle between two body parts.

Extension

An anatomical movement that increases the angle between two body parts.

Abduction

The movement of a limb or body part away from the midline of the body.

Adduction

The movement of a limb or body part toward the midline of the body.

Dorsiflexion

The anatomical movement of the foot where the toes are brought closer to the shin.

Plantar flexion

The anatomical movement of the foot where the toes are pointed downward away from the shin.

Elevation

A movement in a superior direction, such as shrugging the shoulders upward.

Depression

A movement in an inferior direction, such as moving the shoulders downward.

Sagittal plane

A vertical body plane that divides the body into left and right sections.

Frontal plane

A vertical body plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections.

Transverse plane

A horizontal body plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) sections.

Muscle fibre types

The classification of skeletal muscle fibres, usually categorized as slow-twitch (for endurance) or fast-twitch (for power).