Comprehensive Chemistry: Mixtures, Elements, and Chemical Changes P1

Mixtures

Two or more combined pure substances that are physically mixed and can be physically separated.

Homogenous Mixture

A type of mixture that is the same throughout the entire mixture.

Examples of Homogenous Mixtures

Kool aid, Air, Alloys.

Solutions

Homogenous liquid mixtures.

Heterogenous Mixture

A type of mixture that has different composition throughout the mixture.

Examples of Heterogenous Mixtures

Salt & pepper, Dirt, Spaghetti.

Chemical Change

When a chemical property actually happens, resulting in a change of substances.

Reactants

The starting substances in a chemical reaction.

Products

The ending substances in a chemical reaction.

Evidence of Chemical Reactions

Energy is absorbed or given off, color change, odor change, gas change, precipitate produced.

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

Pure Substances

Substances that have a defined and uniform composition.

Elements

The most basic form of matter that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical or physical changes.

Atom

The smallest part of an element.

Compounds

Two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other.

Chemical Formula

Describes the specific formula of a compound.

Water

A compound made of 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen (H₂O).

Glucose

A compound made of 6 carbon, 12 hydrogen, and 6 oxygen (C₆H₁₂O₆).

Propane

A compound made of 3 carbon and 8 hydrogen (C₃H₈).

Physical Properties of Matter

Properties that can be observed or measured without changing what the substance is.

Extensive Property

A property that changes when you change how much you have (e.g., Volume, Mass).

Intensive Property

A property that does not change when you change how much you have (e.g., Color, Taste, Density).

Physical Changes of Matter

Changes that affect the appearance but not the chemical composition of a substance.

Chemical Properties of Matter

The ability of a substance to chemically react to make a new substance.

Oxidation

The ability of iron to combine with oxygen to form rust.