Communication

Peripheral route

________ occurs when the listener decides whether to agree with a message based on cues other than the content of the message.

Trustworthiness

________ is also a characteristic that persuade us.

Messages

________ often aim to provoke an emotional response as well as to change our thinking.

Formats

________ are micro- interactional patterns and include such activities as meal and bath time as well as familiar games like peek a boo.

Sun Kim

Min- ________ and colleagues (1998) examined cultural differences in the way attempts at persuasion are evaluated.

Styles

________ involves not only our accents but also our vocabulary, grammar and the type of ideas we try to express.

Reference

________ develops out of non- linguistic methods of directing attention such as pointing or turning your head to look at something.

Persuasion

________ is associated with advertising and attitude change.

Hedges

________ are words or phrases that are used to lessen the impact of a statement or request being made, an example if a woman would say ‘ please shut the door, if you dont mind (if you dont mind is the ________)

Deborah Tannen

________ (1990) describes styles that she considers to be typical of men and women.

Passive communicators

________ put their own needs after everyone elses, allowing for others to decide how things will turn out.

Passive communications

________ are often silent since they often lack respect for themselves, while not giving any importance to their own need, feelings, opinion and wants.

Aggressive communicators

________ are identified by their demanding, manipulative, angry and self- promoting behaviour.

Joint attention

________, the shared focus of two individuals on an object its first established through eye contact between infant and his or her mother.

Communication

________ involves the transmission of a message from one person to another.

Basil Bernstein

________ (1942- 2000) was one of the early researcher to show an interest in the relationship between language style and social class (Bernstein, 1971)

eye contact

Sustained ________ is often taken by parents as the first sign that the infant recognises them and it leads to primitive conversations, mainly from the parents end.

Central processing

________ can only occur when the receiver has both the motivation and ability to think about the message and its content.

Persuasion

________ involves attempting to change the beliefs, feelings, and behaviour of another.

Reference

________ is how people manage and direct each others attention by linguistic means.

Language Deficit

Considered children in the working class to have a ___________ because they could only use restricted codes

Elaborative Codes

People from middle classes worked to develop ideas in relation to their personal experiences, so in addition to using restricted code, they use ______________

Restricted Code

Considered that working-class people’s conversation relied on preserving traditional roles and ways of interacting (they used a ___________)

African American Vernacular English

His ideas are based on the _________________________ (AAVE)

Rapport Talk

Women use _________, this style is based on establishing relationship and intimacy, developing understanding, and negotiating differences.

Report Talk

Men tend to use __________, which is the type of talk used in public speaking for information sharing

Language Acquisition Device

Chomsky (1986) proposed a _________________ (LAD),

Language Acquisition Support System

Bruner (1983) proposed a ___________________ (LASS)

Deborah Tannen

______________ (1990) describes styles that she considers to be typical of men and women

AAVE

Considered _____ was just as complex, and rule governed as standard English

Labov

______ idea (1970) was in a strong contrast with Bernstein’s language deficit position

Min-Sun Kim

_________ and colleagues (1998) examined cultural differences in the way attempts at persuasion are evaluated. They based their study on differences between individualistic and collectivist culture.

12 months old

_____________ is usually made up of single words

2 year old

__________ combine words in a fixed word. They say “more milk” rather than “milk more”

2-3 year old

Between ________ old children’s language expand at an amazing rate, so by the time they are 3 years old, they will be speaking in mostly complete sentence

children’s language development

By contrast, many believe that ___________________ takes place through parents talking to their children

Elaborative Codes

A way of talking which is explicit and does not assume that the listener shares the same assumptions and understandings as the speaker.

Restricted Codes

A style of language use associated with informal situations, characterized by linguistic predictability and by its dependence on the external context and on the shared knowledge and experience of the participants for conveying meaning