AMH2020 - Exam 1

Benjamin Harrison

23rd president of the U.S that won the 1888 election and imposes multiple acts that destroys and crashes the economy. (McKinley Tariff Act, Sherman Antitrust Act, etc)

McKinley Tariff Act

Raised tariffs on foreign goods to promote domestic production and protect American industry from foreign competitors.

Sherman Silver Purchase Act

Purchase all the silver by the government in response to farmers complains about deflation. This act was supposed to cause inflation to make it easier for farmers to pay back debts.

Sherman Antitrust Act

Prescribes the rule of free competition among those engaged in commerce and prohibits unfair monopolies.

Panic of 1893

Economic depression in the US where banks and railroads fail, the stock market crashes and unemployment skyrockets. (lasted less than a year)

Populist

A member of a political party claiming to represent ordinary people against elites and advocated for free coinage of silver and government control of monopolies.

Farmers Alliance

American Agrarian movement during the 1870’s and 80’s that sought to improve economic conditions for farmers by creating cooperatives and political advocacy.

People’s Party

A third-party that focused on the economic struggles of farmers.

Populism

A political party that strives to appeal to ordinary people who feel like their needs are disregarded by elites.

Omaha Platform

A convention held by the People Party to declare the social reforms they wanted.

William McKinley

25th president that won the 1897 and 1900 election. (republican) He was president during the Spanish-American war and at the beginning of the Progressive era (was also assassinated in 1901)

William Jennings Bryan

Democrat that ran in the 1900 election who was anti-imperialist

Kingdom of Hawaii

The U.S seizes this country to annex it into America in 1898 due to its booming sugar trade and the rise of U.S naval power

Queen Liliuokalan

Queen of the Hawaiian Islands and the last sovereign monarch before it was overthrown

Spanish American War

War between Spain and America that started because Cuba wanted independence. (Included battles like battle of manila bay and battle of San Juan hill)

Cuba

Country that revolted against Spain for Independence and because Spain was committing atrocities.

Yellow Press

A type of newspaper that originated in NY and uses eye-catching headlines (like ones about war and violent crimes) to gain attention and popularity

William Randolph Hearst

Publisher and politician that developed the nation’s largest newspaper chain with the use of yellow journalism and his violation of ethics

Joseph Pulitzer

Politician and publisher who used yellow journalism to win over readers who became a leading national figure in the Democratic party and was elected congressmen of NY.

USS Maine

A US navy ship that blew up and sunk in the Havana Harbor of Spain that influenced the start of the Spanish-American war

Theodore Roosevelt (1898)

Assistant Secretary of Navy that starts the idea of Naval superiority and creates the Rough Riders

Commodore George Dewey

Sails and leads the Battle of Manila Bay

Battle of Manila Bay

First major engagement of the Spanish-America war and was incredibly decisive in who would win the war.

General William Shafter

Union army officer during the Civil War and Major general during the Spanish-American war. (didn’t do much because he was fat and old and sick)

General Joe Wheeler

Calvary general in the confederate’s state army during the civil war. Was also second in command in the Spanish-American war where he led an advance against Spainards during the battle of Las Guasimas.

Rough Riders

1st United States volunteer calvary created by Theodore Roosevelt to get people he knew to join the army.

Battle of San Juan Hill

Major battle of the Spanish-American war fought between Spain and America (duh) where American troops fight on top of the hill and force Spanis troops to retreat towards the ocean where U.S naval ships were waiting to force them to surrender. (U.S sups strong Spain weak)

Treaty of Paris

Ended the Spanish-American war and forced to release all countries they had control over, basically ending Spain’s imperialism arc. Also made Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines U.S territories.

Philippine Insurrection

Alternatively known as the Philippine-American war where after being annexed into the U.S the Philippines revolts for their Independence. This war included battles like the Battle of Manila and caused 200,000 Pilipino civilian deaths.

William Howard Taft

27th president of the United States who was president from (1909-1913) Was the civil governor during the Philippine-American war where he put efforts into reforming Manila and making good relations. (first prez to be married in white house)

General Arthur McArthur

Lieutenant general of the United States Army and military governor-general of American occupied Philippines. He was like bad cop and Taft was good cop he threatened the Philippines with violence if they revolted. (His term ended a year later due to conflict with Taft)

Emmanuel Aguinaldo

Revolutionary military leader who led the Philipine revolution first against Spain and later against the U.S. In 1901 he was captured and forced to accept an alliance with the U.S and stop revolting. He was also the first president of the Philippines.

Theodore Roosevelt (presidency)

26th president of the United States (republican) that succeeded Mckinely after he was assassinated in 1901 (was vice) and was reelected in 1904. Was a huge reformer, upheld the monroe doctrine better than monroe did and started the Panama Canal.

Leon Czolgosz

Anarchist that assassinated president William McKinley.

Banana Wars

A series of conflicts in the central America that the U.S basically mediated so developing countries wouldn’t be taken of advantage of by European countries.