3.3 hydrocarbons

What are the simplest groups of organic compounds buildt of?

carbonatoms and hydrogenatoms

Organic compounds

contains a carbon hydrogen covalent bond.

Hydrocarbons

consist of only carbon and hydrogen

What things always made up of hydrocarbons

oil and gass

What the petrochemical industry use to make its rawmaterial

rawoil and natrual gass.

examples of some products from the petrochemical industry

Petroleum/Petrol (bensin), Asphalt, plastics, rubbers, synthetic fibers, rubber for tires

Methane

greenhousegass, simplest hydrocarbon, colorless, weights less than air, flammable

Wetgasses

ethane, propane, butane. All gasses in room-temperature.  But can be a liquid easier than methane.

Chemical formula ethane

ethane (CH4)

Chemical formula Propane

propane (C₃H₈)

%img%What we use as gass to fuel fires

propane and butane as fuel for gassstoaf, lighter, gas burner

Gasses as liquids at roomtemperature

Petane and hexane. Hydrocarbon compounds that have 5 or more carbonatoms in the chain.

Complete combustion

when there is enough oxygen in the air for a reaction.  it releases energy when the gass reacts with the oxygen in the air and makes CO2 and H2O

Formula for complete combustion

propan +  oksygen →  karbondioksid+ vann + energi

Symbolformula for complete combustion

C3H8+5O2→3CO2+4H2O

Incomplete combustion

when theres not enough oxygen for the gass to burn. Makes carbonmonoxidgass, -CO, and less energy

Carbonmonoxide

is a very toxic gass, CO

What is crude oil

solvent that disolve oil, which water can't do.

How are different products extracted from crude oil?

'fractional distillation'

What is Fractional distillation

when the rawoil is heated to 400 degrees c, so the gass form  get lead inn to a tall tower in a room, as the oil cools down as it goes rises upward the tower. The compounds with highest melting point condences first, and those with a lower meltingpoint rises to the top. Dividing them into mainfractions.

The products of different mainfractions made form fractional distillation

raw oil, raw petrolium, fueloil, lubricating oil, destillationsscraps.

the meltingpoint of the hydrocarbons

the amount of carbons in the chain determens it.

Why does the rawpetrollfraction have a lower cooking point than rawpetroliumfraction

it has fewer carbonatioms in the chain, and condences slower.