3.3 hydrocarbons

What are the simplest groups of organic compounds buildt of?: carbonatoms and hydrogenatoms

Organic compounds: contains a carbon hydrogen covalent bond.

 Hydrocarbons: consist of only carbon and hydrogen

What things always made up of hydrocarbons: oil and gass

What the petrochemical industry use to make its rawmaterial: rawoil and natrual gass.

examples of some products from the petrochemical industry: Petroleum/Petrol (bensin), Asphalt, plastics, rubbers, synthetic fibers, rubber for tires

Methane: greenhousegass, simplest hydrocarbon, colorless, weights less than air, flammable

Wetgasses: ethane, propane, butane. All gasses in room-temperature.  But can be a liquid easier than methane.

Chemical formula ethane: ethane (CH₄)

Chemical formula Propane: propane (C₃H₈)

What we use as gass to fuel fires: propane and butane as fuel for gassstoaf, lighter, gas burner

Gasses as liquids at roomtemperature: Petane and hexane. Hydrocarbon compounds that have 5 or more carbonatoms in the chain.

Complete and incomplete combustion

Complete combustion: when there is enough oxygen in the air for a reaction.  it releases energy when the gass reacts with the oxygen in the air and makes CO₂ and H₂O

Formula for complete combustion: propan +  oksygen →  karbondioksid+ vann + energi

Symbolformula for complete combustion: C3H8+5O2→3CO2+4H2O

Incomplete combustion: when theres not enough oxygen for the gass to burn. Makes carbonmonoxidgass, _-CO, and less energy

Carbonmonoxide: is a very toxic gass

 What is crude oil: solvent that disolve oil, which water can't do.

How are different products extracted from crude oil?:  'fractional distillation'

What is Fractional distillation:  when the rawoil is heated to 400 degrees c, so the gass form  get lead inn to a tall tower in a room, as the oil cools down as it goes rises upward the tower. The compounds with highest melting point condences first, and those with a lower meltingpoint rises to the top. Dividing them into mainfractions.

The products of different mainfractions made form fractional distillation: raw oil, raw petrolium, fueloil, lubricating oil, destillationsscraps.

the meltingpoint of the hydrocarbons: the amount of carbons in the chain determens it.

Why does the rawpetrollfraction have a lower cooking point than rawpetroliumfraction: it has fewer carbonatioms in the chain, and condences slower.