Science Assessment- Task 1-2026

What does the law of conservation of energy state?

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed or transferred.

What is kinetic energy?

The energy of movement, observed in moving objects.

What is potential energy?

Stored energy that has the potential to do work.

What are the three key components of electricity?

Voltage (V), Current (I), and Resistance (R).

Ohm's Law formula?

V = IR, which describes the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance.

What is a series circuit?

A circuit with only one path for current to flow, where total resistance is the sum of individual resistances.

What is a parallel circuit?

A circuit with multiple pathways for current, allowing for more reliable energy flow.

What is homeostasis?

The process by which living organisms maintain stable internal conditions necessary for survival.

What is negative feedback in homeostasis?

A feedback loop that reverses changes to maintain stability.

What is positive feedback in homeostasis?

A feedback loop that amplifies responses until a specific outcome is achieved.

What is thermoregulation?

Control of body temperature through mechanisms such as sweating and shivering.

What does insulin do?

Lowers blood glucose levels.

What does glucagon do?

Raises blood glucose levels.

What is a stimulus in the context of the stimulus-response model?

A change in the environment detected by receptors.

What are receptors?

Cells that convert stimuli into electrical signals sent to the central nervous system.

What are effectors?

Muscles or glands that carry out responses.

What is the role of sensory neurons?

They carry signals from receptors to the central nervous system.

What are reflex actions?

Rapid, automatic responses occurring without conscious thought, controlled by the spinal cord.

What does the endocrine system do?

Controls slower, long-term processes through hormones released by glands.

What is the function of the pituitary gland?

It is the master gland regulating other glands.

How do the nervous and endocrine systems interact during exercise?

The body increases heart rate and breathing rate while sweating helps regulate temperature.

What is accuracy in scientific investigations?

How close results are to the true value.

What is reliability in scientific investigations?

The consistency of results when experiments are repeated.

What is validity in experiments?

Whether the experiment measures what it is intended to measure.