Quiz 6 - nervous tissue

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Last updated 7:54 PM on 7/6/26
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97 Terms

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Homeostasis

Maintaining stable internal conditions

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Nervous system

Detects, processes, and responds to changes

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Endocrine system

Uses hormones for slower communication

<p>Uses hormones for slower communication</p>
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Central Nervous System (CNS)

Brain and spinal cord

<p>Brain and spinal cord</p>
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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Nerves and ganglia

<p>Nerves and ganglia</p>
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Nerves

Bundles of axons

<p>Bundles of axons</p>
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Ganglia

Clusters of neuron cell bodies outside CNS

<p>Clusters of neuron cell bodies outside CNS</p>
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Sensory (afferent)

Carries signals TO CNS (to brain)

<p>Carries signals TO CNS (to brain)</p>
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Motor (efferent)

Carries signals FROM CNS (out the brain)

<p>Carries signals FROM CNS (out the brain)</p>
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Effector

Muscle or gland that carries out response

<p>Muscle or gland that carries out response</p>
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Somatic sensory

receives sensory information Skin, muscles, joints

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Visceral sensory

Internal organs

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Somatic motor

Controls skeletal muscle

<p>Controls skeletal muscle</p>
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Autonomic nervous system

Controls glands, smooth & cardiac muscle

<p>Controls glands, smooth &amp; cardiac muscle</p>
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sympathetic nervous system

Fight or flight

<p>Fight or flight</p>
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parasympathetic nervous system

Rest and digest

<p>Rest and digest</p>
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Autonomic tone

Balance between both systems

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Neuron

Cell that transmits signals

<p>Cell that transmits signals</p>
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Neurosoma (soma or cell body)

Cell body

<p>Cell body</p>
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Neurites

Extensions from soma

<p>Extensions from soma</p>
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Dendrites

Receive signals

<p>Receive signals</p>
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Axon

Sends signals

<p>Sends signals</p>
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Axon hillock

Where axon begins, connected to cell body

<p>Where axon begins, connected to cell body</p>
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Axon terminal

End of axon; forms synapse

<p>End of axon; forms synapse</p>
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Synapse

Junction between cells, where a neuron sends signals to another neuron, muscle, or gland cell

<p>Junction between cells, where a neuron sends signals to another neuron, muscle, or gland cell</p>
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Chemical synapse

Uses neurotransmitters

<p>Uses neurotransmitters</p>
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Neurotransmitter

Chemical messenger

<p>Chemical messenger</p>
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Acetylcholine (ACh)

Neurotransmitter at neuromuscular junction

<p>Neurotransmitter at neuromuscular junction</p>
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Sensory neuron

Detects stimuli ā†’ CNS

<p>Detects stimuli ā†’ CNS</p>
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Interneuron

Processes info in CNS

<p>Processes info in CNS</p>
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Motor neuron

Sends signals to effectors

<p>Sends signals to effectors</p>
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Neuroglia

Support cells for neurons

<p>Support cells for neurons</p>
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Oligodendrocyte

Myelin in CNS, form myelin sheath to speed signal conduction

<p>Myelin in CNS, form myelin sheath to speed signal conduction</p>
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Schwann cell

Form Myelin in PNS

<p>Form Myelin in PNS</p>
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Myelin sheath

Insulates axon

<p>Insulates axon</p>
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Myelinated fibers speed

Up to 120 m/s

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Unmyelinated fibers speed

0.5-2 m/s

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Cerebrum

Cognition, language, personality

<p>Cognition, language, personality</p>
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Longitudinal fissure

Separates hemispheres

<p>Separates hemispheres</p>
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Corpus callosum

Connects hemispheres

<p>Connects hemispheres</p>
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Frontal lobe

Motor control, speech, thinking

<p>Motor control, speech, thinking</p>
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Parietal lobe

Touch, pain, body position

<p>Touch, pain, body position</p>
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Occipital lobe

Vision

<p>Vision</p>
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Temporal lobe

Hearing, smell

<p>Hearing, smell</p>
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Gray matter

Cell bodies & synapses

<p>Cell bodies &amp; synapses</p>
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White matter

Myelinated axons

<p>Myelinated axons</p>
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Projection tracts

Connect brain to spinal cord

<p>Connect brain to spinal cord</p>
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Commissural tracts

Connect hemispheres

<p>Connect hemispheres</p>
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Association tracts

Connect areas in same hemisphere

<p>Connect areas in same hemisphere</p>
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basal nuclei (ganglia)

Motor control

<p>Motor control</p>
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Caudate nucleus

Part of basal nuclei

<p>Part of basal nuclei</p>
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Putamen

Part of basal nuclei

<p>Part of basal nuclei</p>
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Globus pallidus

Part of basal nuclei

<p>Part of basal nuclei</p>
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Cerebellum

Coordination, posture, movement

<p>Coordination, posture, movement</p>
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Diencephalon

Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

<p>Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus</p>
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Thalamus

Sensory relay center

<p>Sensory relay center</p>
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Hypothalamus

Controls homeostasis & hormones

<p>Controls homeostasis &amp; hormones</p>
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Epithalamus

Contains pineal gland

<p>Contains pineal gland</p>
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Pineal gland

Endocrine gland

<p>Endocrine gland</p>
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Infundibulum

Connects hypothalamus to pituitary

<p>Connects hypothalamus to pituitary</p>
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Brainstem

Midbrain, pons, medulla

<p>Midbrain, pons, medulla</p>
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Midbrain

Visual & auditory reflexes

<p>Visual &amp; auditory reflexes</p>
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Superior colliculi

Visual reflexes

<p>Visual reflexes</p>
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Inferior colliculi

Auditory reflexes

<p>Auditory reflexes</p>
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Pons

Sleep, breathing

<p>Sleep, breathing</p>
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Medulla oblongata

Heart rate, BP, breathing

<p>Heart rate, BP, breathing</p>
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Cardiac center

Controls heart

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Vasomotor center

Controls blood vessels

<p>Controls blood vessels</p>
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Respiratory center

Controls breathing

<p>Controls breathing</p>
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Spinal cord

Signal highway

<p>Signal highway</p>
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Conduction

Signal transmission

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Neural integration

Processes info

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Locomotion

Walking patterns

<p>Walking patterns</p>
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Reflex

Automatic response, from spine first

<p>Automatic response, from spine first</p>
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Ascending tracts

Sensory signals up

<p>Sensory signals up</p>
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Descending tracts

Motor signals down

<p>Motor signals down</p>
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Decussation

Crossing over

<p>Crossing over</p>
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Dorsal root

Sensory

<p>Sensory</p>
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Ventral root

Motor

<p>Motor</p>
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Receptor

Detects stimulus

<p>Detects stimulus</p>
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Unencapsulated receptor

No covering

<p>No covering</p>
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Encapsulated receptor

Covered dendrites

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Nociceptor

Pain receptor

<p>Pain receptor</p>
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Thermoreceptor

Temperature

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Merkel discs

Light touch

<p>Light touch</p>
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Meissner corpuscles

Texture/light touch

<p>Texture/light touch</p>
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Ruffini corpuscles

Stretch/pressure

<p>Stretch/pressure</p>
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Pacinian corpuscles

Deep pressure

<p>Deep pressure</p>
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Muscle spindle

Detects muscle stretch

<p>Detects muscle stretch</p>
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Golgi tendon organ

Detects tendon stretch

<p>Detects tendon stretch</p>
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First-order neuron

Detects stimulus

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Second-order neuron

Sends to thalamus

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Third-order neuron

Sends to cortex

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Pain pathway

Skin ā†’ spinal cord ā†’ thalamus ā†’ cortex

<p>Skin ā†’ spinal cord ā†’ thalamus ā†’ cortex</p>
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Corticospinal tract

Controls skeletal movement

<p>Controls skeletal movement</p>
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Sympathetic effects

ā†‘ HR, ā†‘ BP, ā†‘ glucose

<p>ā†‘ HR, ā†‘ BP, ā†‘ glucose</p>
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Parasympathetic effects

ā†“ HR, ā†‘ digestion