The end of WW1

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Last updated 9:10 AM on 8/30/26
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6 Terms

1
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The Fourteen Points

January 1918 US President Woodrow Wilson proposed 14 ideas for how WWI should end and how Europe should be organised afterwards.

Some important ideas were:

  • countries should avoid secret treaties

  • freedom of the seas

  • reducing arms

  • allowing peoples to have some form of self-determination

  • creating an international organisation to maintain peace

That last idea eventually became the League of Nations.

So:

Fourteen Points = Wilson's PLAN for peace.

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The Armistice

The Germans signed an armistice (agreement to pause fighting)
at 11am on Nov 11th, 1918 (Remembrance Day).

The decision was not unanimously supported by the German people
(and soldiers), who believed that victory was near (due to propaganda…).

This started the ‘stab in the back’ myth among German
nationalists that their defeat was the result of a betrayal
by their government, rather than military losses. This
would have significant consequences for future conflict…

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The Treaty of Versailles

June 28, 1919, the Treaty of Versailles was signed to formalise peace and post-war Europe. Germany was held responsible for WWI (‘war guilt’) and was forced to pay reparations (compensation for damage) of approx. $33 billion.

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What did the the terms of the peace treaty result in?

The terms of the peace treaty were met with outrage
in Germany. In addition to the financial costs, the terms
included territorial losses (land, resources, colonies)
and demilitarisation (restrictions on soldiers, weapons).

This anger contributed to a rise of German extreme nationalism...and WWII.

5
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The League of Nations - world peace

Before the end of World War I, US President Woodrow Wilson outlined his plan for creating peace, the ‘14 Points’. This included increased global cooperation (trade, diplomacy), demilitarisation, and creating a ‘League of Nations’. 

League of Nations = ORGANISATION TO MAINTAIN PEACE

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What was the League of Nations ?

The League of Nations (1920 - 1946) was an international organisation aimed at reducing conflict between nations and improving global living standards (foreign aid, medical research).

However, these efforts were not
successful in preventing WWII…