Lab Exam 1

Simple squamous epithelium

Simple squamous epithelium function

rapid exchange of respiratory gases

Simple squamous epithelium location

lungs and heart

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Simple cuboidal epithelium functions

regulate exchange of nongaseous materials such as ions and nutrients between internal and external environments (secretion and absorption)

Simple cuboidal epithelium location

kidney tubules, glands and their ducts, thyroid

Simple columnar

Simple columnar functions

absorption of nutrients

Simple columnar apical surface is lined with

microvilli

microvilli function

increase surface area to maximize absorption

Simple columnar contain

mucous secreting goblet cells

goblet cells function

produce and release mucus to protect and clean

Simple columnar location

lines GI tract from stomach to rectum

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

additional structures on Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

cilia and goblet cells

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium functions

non transporting tissue cells whose cilia move material past the cell

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium locations

respiratory passageways

stratified squamous Non-keratinized epithelium

stratified squamous Non-keratinized epithelium function

protects internal and external environments against mechanical and chemical stress

stratified squamous Non-keratinized epithelium location

mouth esophagus vagina anus

stratified squamous Non-keratinized epithelium apical cells

alive

stratified squamous Keratinized epithelium

stratified squamous Keratinized epithelium shape of cells at apical surface

flat

stratified squamous Keratinized epithelium apical cells

dead

stratified squamous Keratinized epithelium function

tough waterproof protective barrier

stratified squamous Keratinized epithelium location

epidermis of skin

Transitional epithelium

Transitional epithelium number of layers of cells

2 or more depending on organ stretch

Transitional epithelium shape of basal cells

cuboidal or columnar

Transitional epithelium shape of apical cells

large and domed

Transitional epithelium function

allows stretching of organs without rupturing

Transitional epithelium location

urinary bladder, uterus, urethra

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Stratified cuboidal epithelium functions

secretion and protection

Stratified cuboidal epithelium location

sweat glands, mammary glands, and ovarian follicles

areolar connective tissue

areolar connective tissue predominant cell type

fibroblasts

areolar connective tissue function

forms lamina propria, packages organs, and surrounds capillaries

areolar connective tissue location

beneath epithelia and around organs and blood vessels

adipose connective tissue

adipose connective tissue amount of matrix present

very little

adipose connective tissue predominant cell types

adipocytes

adipose connective tissue nucleus location

pushed to the side of the cell

adipose connective tissue function

triglyceride storge, insulation, supports and protects organs

adipose connective tissue location

beneath skin and around organs

reticular connective tissue

reticular connective tissue amount of matrix present

large amount

reticular connective tissue predominant cell type

fibroblasts

reticular connective tissue description of reticular fibers

thin, branching fibers

reticular connective tissue function

forms stroma (scaffolding) for soft organs

reticular connective tissue locations

lymph nodes, spleen, and red bone marrow

dense regular connective tissue

dense regular connective tissue predominant cell type

fibroblasts

dense regular connective tissue description of collagen fibers

thick, tightly packed, parallel collagen fibers

dense regular connective tissue functions

resists tension in one direction

dense regular connective tissue location

tendons and ligaments

dense irregular connective tissue

dense irregular connective tissue predominant cell type

fibroblasts

dense irregular connective tissue description of collagen fibers

thick collagen fibers arranged in many directions

dense irregular connective tissue function

resistance to tension from multiple directions

dense irregular connective tissue location

dermis of the skin and joint capsules

bone

bone predominant cell type

osteocytes

bone space where predominant cell is located

lacuna

bone cellular extension that allow cells to communicate

canaliculi

bone concentric lamellae

form rings around central canal

bone interstitial lamellae

lamellae between osteons

bone central canal

center of osteon containing blood vessels and nerves

bone function

support, protection, movement, and Ca2+ storage

hyaline cartilage

hyaline cartilage predominant cell type

chondrocytes

hyaline cartilage where predominant cell is located

lacuna

hyaline cartilage function

supportive, reduces friction and compression forces

hyaline cartilage location

ends of long bones, costal cartilages, nose, trachea, and larynx

skeletal muscle

skeletal muscle stritations?

yes

skeletal muscle nucleus location

peripheral (beneath cell membrane)

skeletal muscle cell shape

long, cylindrical fibers

skeletal muscle functions

voluntary movement

skeletal muscle location

attached to bones

smooth muscle

smooth muscle striations?

NO

smooth muscle cell shape

long, cylindrical fibers

smooth muscle functions

involuntary movement

smooth muscle location

walls of hollow organs such as intestines, stomach, and blood vessels

cardiac muscle

cardiac muscle striations?

YES

cardiac muscle cell shape

short, branching cells

cardiac muscle specialized structures between cells

intercalated disks

cardiac muscle function

involuntary contraction of heart

cardiac muscle location

heart

nervous tissue

nervous tissue nucleolus present

yes

nervous tissue most numerous type of cells

glial cells

nervous tissue purpose

generates and emits electrical impulses and communication

nervous tissue

found in brain, spinal cord, and nerves and transmits electrical impulses in the body

arrector pili muscle

running diagonally downward toward the hair follicle. smooth muscle, when contracted causes goose bumps