Human Movement Lab Exam 2

Protrusion of the mandible

moving the jaw forward

retrusion/retraction of the mandible

moving the jaw posteriorly

lateral deviation of the mandible

side to side jaw movement

masseter origin

Zygomatic arch of temporal bone and zygomatic process of maxilla

masseter insertion

Angle of the ramus and coronoid process of mandible

masseter action

Bilaterally: elevation

Unilaterally: ipsilateral lateral deviation

temporalis origin

temporal fossa

temporalis insertion

coronoid process and ramus of mandible

temporalis action

bilaterally: elevation, retrusion

unilaterally: ipsilateral lateral deviation

medial pterygoid origin

lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone and tuberosity of the maxilla

medial pterygoid insertion

ramus and angle of mandible

medial pterygoid action

Bilaterally: elevation, protrusion

Unilaterally: contralateral lateral deviation

lateral pterygoid origin

lateral pterygoid plate and greater wing of sphenoid

lateral pterygoid insertion

Mandibular condyle and articular disk

lateral pterygoid action

Bilaterally: depression, protrusion

Unilaterally: contralateral lateral deviation

lateral (temporomandibular) ligament

attaches on the neck of the mandibular condyle and disk and then runs superiorly to the articular tubercle of the temporal bone

lateral (temporomandibular) ligament action

limits downward, posterior, and lateral motions of the mandible

sphenomandibular ligament

Attaches to the spine of the sphenoid bone and runs to the middle of the ramus on the internal surface of the mandible

sphenomandibular ligament action

suspends the mandible and limits excessive anterior motion

stylomandibular ligament

runs from the styloid process of the temporal bone to the posterior inferior border of the mandible's ramus

stylomandibular ligaments action

limits excessive anterior motion

stylohyoid ligament

Attaches from the styloid process of the temporal bone to the hyoid bone

stylohyoid ligament action

hold the hyoid bone in place.

joint capsule of TMJ

attaches superiorly to the articular tubercle and borders of the fossa of the temporal bone, and the neck of the mandibular condyle

suprahyoid muscles

digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid

suprahyoid muscles action

assist in depressing the mandible

infrahyoid muscles

sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid

infrahyoid muscle actions

stabilize hyoid bone

TMJ joint shape

synnovial

modified hinge

TMJ degrees of freedom

3

TMJ joint motions

lateral deviation

depression/elevation

protraction/ retraction

concave surface of TMJ

mandibular fossa

convex surface of TMJ

mandibular condyle

shape and function of TMJ articular disk

connected circumfrentially to the capsule and tendon of the lateral pterygoid

divides the joint space into upper and lower spaces

spine

refers to the spinal column and vertebral column

bony components housing the spinal chord

facet

a small, smooth, flat surface on a bone

kyphosis

an increase in the curvature of the thoracic spine in the saggital plane

lordosis

increased curvature of the lumbar spine in the saggital plane

sternocleidomastoid origin

sternum and clavicle

sternocleidomastoid insertion

mastoid process

sternocleidomastoid action

Bilaterally: flexes neck, hyperextends head

Unilaterally: Laterally bends Neck to the Same Side & Rotation of Head to Opposite Side

scalene muscles origin

transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

scalene muscles insertion

first and second ribs

scalene muscles action

- Bilaterally contract: assists in neck flexion

- Unilaterally contract: neck lateral bending

spleius capitis origin

lower half of nuchal ligament

spinous processes of C7-T3

splenius capitis insertion

Lateral occipital bone; mastoid process

splenius capitis action

Bilaterally—extends head and neck

Unilaterally—laterally bends and rotate the face to the same side

splenius cervicis origin

Spinous processes of T3-T6

splenius cervicis insertion

transverse processes of C1-C3

splenius cervicis action

A Bilaterally: extends neck

A Unilaterally: rotate and laterally bend face to same side

rectus abdominis origin

pubic crest

rectus abdominis insertion

xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7

rectus abdominis action

trunk flexion, compression of abdomen

transverse abdominis origin

Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, and costal cartilage of the last 7 ribs

transverse abdominis insertion

Pubic crest, abdominal aponeurosis, and linea alba

transverse abdominis action

compression of abdomen

external oblique origin

iliac crest, pubic tubercle, linea alba

external oblique insertion

lower 8 ribs laterally

external oblique action

Bilateral: Trunk flexion; compression of abdomen

Unilateral: Trunk lateral bending; rotation to opposite side

internal oblique origin

inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia

internal oblique insertion

eighth through twelfth ribs, linea alba

internal oblique action

bilaterally: trunk flexion, compression of abdomen

unilaterally: lateral bending, rotation to same side

quadratus lumborum origin

iliac crest

quadratus lumborum insertion

twelfth rib, transverse processes of all five lumbar vertebrae

quadratus lumborum action

trunk lateral bending

names of the erector spinae muscles

iliocostalis

longissimus

spinalis

atlanto-occipital degrees of freedom

1

atlanto-occipital motions

flexion/extension

atlanto-occipital plane and axis

saggital

frontal

atlantoaxial degrees of freedom

1

atlantoaxial motions

rotation

atlantoaxial plane and axis

transverse

vertical

atlanto-occipital concave surface

atlas

atlanto-occipital convex surface

occipital condyles

atlantoaxial concave surface

atlas

atlantoaxial convex surface

axis

facet joints are formed by the articulation between ____________ articular processes of the vertebra below with the ___________ transverse articular processes of the vertebra above

spinous

transverse

the orientation of facet joints

are what determines the extent, the type, and the amount of motion possible at each part of the vertebral column

what limits spinal motion in the thoracic region?

the ribs

trunk lateral bending occurs in the _______ plane about the _________ axis.

frontal

saggital

false pelvis

bony area between the iliac crests and superior to the pelvic inlet

pelvic inlet

Located between the sacral promontory and superior border of symphysis pubis

pelvic outlet

a line from the tip of the coccyx to the inferior surface of the pubic symphysis

true pelvis

located between the inlet and outlet of the pelvis

pelvic cavity

forms the birth canal

nutation

sacral base moves anteriorly and inferiorly

counternutation

occurs when the base of the sacrum moves posteriorly and superiorly

anterior sacroiliac ligament

connects the ala and the pelvic surface of the sacrum to the articular surface of the ilium

anterior sacroiliac ligament function

holds together the anterior portion of the joint

short posterior iliac ligament

runs between the ilium and the upper portion of the sacrum on the dorsal surface

short posterior iliac ligament function

prevents forward movement of the sacrum

Long posterior sacroiliac ligament

runs more vertically between the PSIS and the lower portion of the sacrum

long posterior sacroiliac ligament function

prevents downward movement of the sacrum

sacrotuberous ligament

runs between the PSIS and PIIS from the posterior and lateral side side of the sacrum inferior to the articular surface and from the coccyx an all come together to attach on the tibial tuberosity

sacrotuberous ligament function

prevents forward rotation of the sacrum

sacrospinous ligament

attaches from the lower lateral sacrum and coccyx on the posterior side to the spine of the ischium

iliolumbar ligament

connects the transverse process of L5 with the iliac crest

superior pubic ligament

attaches to the pubic tubercles on each side of the body

superior pubic ligament function

strengthens the superior and anterior portions of the joint

inferior pubic ligament

attaches between the two inferior pubic rami