Introduction to Machine Design Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering the definitions, classifications, considerations, procedures, and basic concepts of Machine Design based on the provided lecture notes.

Machine Design

The process of creating new and better machines and improving existing ones to make them more economical in the overall cost of production and operation.

Adaptive Design

A classification of design where the designer makes minor alterations or modifications to existing product designs without requiring special knowledge or skill.

Development Design

A classification of design that requires scientific training and design ability to modify an existing design into a new idea by adopting a new material or manufacturing method.

New Design

A classification of design requiring extensive research, technical ability, and creative thinking to create a completely new product.

Rational Design

A design method that depends upon mathematical formulae of the principles of mechanics.

Empirical Design

A design method that depends upon empirical formulae based on practice and past experience.

Industrial Design

A design method that depends upon production aspects to manufacture any machine component in the industry.

Optimum Design

The best design for a given objective function under specified constraints, achieved by minimizing undesirable effects.

System Design

The design of any complex mechanical system, such as a motor car.

Element Design

The design of any specific element of a mechanical system, such as a piston, crankshaft, or connecting rod.

Computer Aided Design

A design method depending on computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis, and optimization of a design.

Type of Load and Stresses

The load on a machine part determines the internal stresses produced in it.

Motion of Parts / Kinematics

The motion of machine parts must be considered for the proper operation of the machine.

Selection of Materials

The material should be selected according to its required properties and working conditions.

Form and Size of Parts

The shape and size of a machine part should be selected to withstand the required forces safely.

Frictional Resistance and Lubrication

Proper lubrication reduces friction, power loss, and wear between moving parts.

Convenient and Economical Features

A machine should be easy to operate, maintain, and manufacture at minimum cost.

Use of Standard Parts

Standard parts should be used whenever possible to reduce cost and simplify manufacturing.

Safety of Operation

Safety devices should be provided to protect the operator from accidents.

Workshop Facilities

The design should consider the available workshop facilities for manufacturing.

Number of Machines to be Manufactured

The number of machines to be produced affects the design and manufacturing method.

Cost of Construction

The machine should be designed to achieve the required performance at minimum cost.

Assembling

Every machine must be properly assembled and tested before it is put into service.

Recognition of Need


Identify the problem and determine the need, aim, or purpose of the machine.

Synthesis (Mechanisms)


Select the mechanism or group of mechanisms that will provide the desired motion.

Analysis of Forces


Determine the forces acting on each machine member and the energy transmitted.

Material Selection


Select the most suitable material for each machine member.

Design of Elements (Size and Stresses)


Determine the size of each member based on the forces and allowable stresses.

Modification

Modify the size or design of the members based on experience and judgment.

Detailed Drawing


Prepare detailed drawings of each component and the complete machine assembly.

Production

Manufacture the machine components according to the drawings in the workshop.

FUNDAMENTAL UNITS

Basic internationally accepted units used to measure physical quantities

DERIVED UNITS

Units obtained from fundamental units, such as area, velocity, acceleration, and pressure.

C.G.S. UNITS

Centimeter – Gram – Second.

F.P.S. UNITS

Foot – Pound – Second.

M.K.S. UNITS

Meter – Kilogram – Second.

S.I. UNITS

International System of Units.

ISO

International Standard Organization that makes recommendations for international standards and procedures.

EXA (E)

10¹⁸

PETA (P)

10¹⁵

TERA (T)

10¹²

GIGA (G)

10⁹

MEGA (M)

10⁶

KILO (k)

10³ = 1,000

HECTO (h)

10² = 100

DECA (da)

10¹ = 10

DECI (d)

10⁻¹ = 0.1

CENTI (c)

10⁻² = 0.01

MILLI (m)

10⁻³ = 0.001

MICRO (u)

10⁻⁶ = 0.000001

NANO (n)

10⁻⁹

PICO (p)

10⁻¹²

FEMTO (f)

10⁻¹⁵

ATTO (a)

10⁻¹⁸

ENGINEERING MATERIALS

Materials used to make machine elements and engineering products.

METALS

Materials such as iron, steel, copper, and aluminum.

NON-METALS

Materials such as glass, rubber, and plastic.

FERROUS METALS

Metals that have iron as their main constituent.

NON-FERROUS METALS

Metals that have a metal other than iron as their main constituent.

FERROUS EXAMPLES

Cast iron, wrought iron, and steel.

NON-FERROUS EXAMPLES

Copper, aluminum, brass, tin, and zinc.

MATERIAL SELECTION

Choosing the proper material that performs the desired function at minimum cost.

AVAILABILITY

Whether the material can be easily obtained

SUITABILITY

Whether the material is appropriate for the working conditions.

COST

The price of the material.

MATERIAL PROPERTIES

Characteristics that determine the usefulness of a material.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES EXAMPLES

Luster, color, size, shape, density, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and melting point.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES EXAMPLES

Corrosion, alloying, and compound formation.

STRENGTH

Ability of a material to resist external forces without breaking or yielding.

STRESS

Ability of a material to resist external forces without breaking or yielding.

STIFFNESS

Ability of a material to resist deformation under stress.

MODULUS OF ELASTICITY

A measure of the stiffness of a material.

ELASTICITY

Ability of a material to regain its original shape after the external force is removed.

PLASTICITY

Ability of a material to retain deformation permanently after loading.

DUCTILITY

Ability of a material to be drawn into wire under tensile force.