AEMT Drug Cards, NREMT Advanced-EMT with 100% correct answers already graded A+(verified for accuracy)

Lactated Ringers

Trade Name: Hartmann's Solution

MOA: Isotonic crystalloid solution, replaces water and electrolytes

Indications: hypovolemic shock

Contraindications: CHF, renal failure

Side effects: N/A

Dose: 20 mg/kg for adults and PEDS

Naloxone

Trade Name: Narcan

MOA: opioid antagonist

Indications: Narcotic OD, coma of unknown origin

Contraindications: hypersensitivity

Side Effects: nausea, seizures, vomiting

Adult Dose: 0.4-2 mg IN, IV, IO, IM

PEDS Dose: 0.1 mg/kg IN, IV, IO, IM

Ipatropium

Trade Name: Atrovent

MOA: Anticholinergic, bronchodilator, Dries respiratory secretions

Indications: Bronchospasms, COPD

Contraindications: hypersensitivity to atropine and derivatives, CHF, soy allergy

Side Effects: Nervousness, dizziness, headache, nasal dryness

Adult Dose: 500 mcg in 3cc normal saline

PEDS Dose: 125-250 mcg in 3cc normal saline

Pralidoxime

Trade Name: 2-Pam

MOA: Cholinesterase Reactivator

Indications: Antidote for nerve agents, organophosphate OD

Contraindications: Inorganic phosphate, asthma, peptic ulcer disease

Side Effects: Headache, nausea, drowsiness, muscle weakness, diplopia, blurred vision, tachycardia

Adult Dose: 600 mg IM/IV

PEDS Dose: 25-50 mg/kg IM/IV

Albuterol

Trade Name: Proventil, Ventolin

MOA: sympathomimetic, bronchodilator, reduces mucus secretions

Indications: Reversible bronchospasm, asthma

Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, diabetes

Side Effects: tachycardia, anxiety, restlessness, nausea

Adult Dose: 2.5 mg in 3mL normal saline

PEDS Dose: 0.15 mg/kg or 1.25 mg in 3mL normal saline

Epi 1:10,000

Trade Name: Adrenaline

MOA: sympathomimetic, bronchodilator, vasoconstrictor, Alpha & Beta agonist, increases SVR

Indications: cardiac arrest

Contraindications: None in cardiac event

Side Effects: Headache, restlessness

Adult Dose: 1 mg IV/IO repeat every 3-5 minutes

PEDS Dose: 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO repeat every 3-5 minutes

Epi 1:1,000

Trade Name: Adrenaline

MOA: sympathomimetic, bronchodilator, vasoconstrictor, Alpha/Beta agonist

Indications: anaphylaxis, severe allergic reactions

Contraindications: hypersensitivity, heart disease, dysrhythmia

Side effects: HTN, palpitations, Headache, increased HR

Adult Dose: 0.3-0.5 mg IM/SQ

PEDS Dose: 0.15 mg IM/SQ

Glucagon

Trade Name: GlucaGen

MOA: Hyperglycemic agent, pancreatic hormone, insulin antagonist

Indications: altered LOC due to hypoglycemia

Contraindications: Hyperglycemia, hypersensitivity

Side effects: dizziness, headache, HTN, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, rebound hypoglycemia

Adult Dose: 1 mg IM/IN rat 7-10 mins

PEDS Dose: 0.5 mg if <20 kg

0.9% NaCl

Trade Name: Normal Saline

MOA: isotonic crystalloid solution, replaces water and electrolytes

Indications: heat exhaustion, heat stroke, freshwater drowning, hypovolemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, KVO

Contraindications: CHF

Side Effects: Rare in therapeutic doses

Adult Dose: KVO for IV, 250-500 mL for cardiac, 500-1000 mL for volume, 1000 mL+ for burns

Ketoralac

Trade Name: Toradol

MOA: NSAID, antiinflammatory

Indications: mild pain

Contraindications: peptic ulcer disease, asthma, renal or hepatic impairment

Side Effects: bleeding, dizziness, edema

Adult Dose: 15-30 mg IV/IM

PEDS Dose: N/A

50% Dextrose

Trade Name: D50

MOA: carbohydrate

Indications: hypoglycemia

Contraindications: Intracranial Hemorrhage

Side Effects: tissue necrosis if infiltrated

Adult Dose: 25g IV/IO/ rectal

PEDS Dose: Dextrose 10% (2-10 mg/kg) IV/IO/ rectal

Ibuprofen

Trade Name: Advil, Motrin

MOA: antipyretic, pain reducer, NSAID

Indications: mild pain, fever

Contraindications: GI Bleed

Side Effects: Heartburn

Adult Dose: 200-400 oral

PEDS Dose: 10 mg/kg

Nitro Paste

Trade Name: NitroBid

MOA: Vasodilator, smooth muscle relaxer

Indications: acute angina, ischemia, CHF, MI, HTN

Contraindications: hypotension, ED meds

Side Effects: Headache, hypotension

Adult Dose: 2% paste (1 inch strip > 100BP) (1.5 inch strip > 150 BP) (2 inch strip > 200 BP)

PEDS Dose: N/A

Nitroglycerin

Trade Name: NitroStat

MOA: vasodilator, smooth muscle relaxer

Indications: acute angina, ischemia, CHF, HTN, MI

Contraindications: hypotension, ED meds, increased ICP

Side Effects: HA, hypotension

Adult Dose: 0.4 mg spray or SL

PEDS Dose: N/A

Diphenhydramine

Trade Name: Benadryl

MOA: Antihistamine H1

Indications: severe allergic reaction, anaphylaxis

Contraindications: glaucoma

Side Effects: drowsiness, blurred vision, dry mouth, wheezing

Adult Dose: 25-50 mg PO/IV/IO

PEDS Dose: 12.5-25 PO or 1 mg/kg IV/IM

Oral Glucose

Trade Name: Insta-Glucose

MOA: hyperglycemic agent, absorption into GI tract distributed to tissues

Indications: hypoglycemia

Contraindications: decreased LOC, nausea, vomiting, not able to swallow

Side Effects: nausea, vomiting

Adult Dose: 25g buccal

PEDS Dose: 0.5g-1g buccal

Acetominophen

Trade Name: Tylenol

MOA: Analgesic, antipyretic

Indications: Fever, pain

Contraindications: hypersensitivity, liver damage

Side Effects: liver damage

Adult Dose: 325-1000 mg PO/ rectal every 4 hours

PEDS Dose: 15 mg/kg PO/rectal

Aspirin

Trade Name: Bayer

MOA: inhibits platelet aggregation, analgesic, antipyretic

Indications: cardiac chest pain, mild pain, headache

Contraindications: hypersensitivity, recent bleeding, active ulcer disease, asthma

Side effects: GI upset, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, bleeding, allergic reactions

Adult Dose: 81-324 mg PO chewable tablets

PEDS Dose: N/A

Decreased Afterload Effects

Decreased Arteriole Pressure = Decreased Aortic Pressure = Left Ventricle Works Better

Cushing's Triad

SxS of Increased Intracranial Pressure

Increased Systolic Pressure

Widened Pulse Pressure

Decreased Pulse and Respiratory Rate

PAT: Pediatric Assessment Triangle

General Appearance

Work of Breathing

Circulation to the Skin

Beck's Triad

Indicates Cardiac Tamponade

HoTN, JVD, Muffled Heart Tones

Tuberculosis SxS

Weight Loss, Hemoptysis(Coughing Blood), Pyrexia(Fever)

Apneustic Respirations

Prolonged inspirations with short ineffective expirations. Cause by damage to the Upper Pons - stroke or trauma.

Biot's Respirations

Quick/shallow inspiration followed by periods of apnea. Caused by damage to the Pons - stroke, trauma or opioid use.

Murphy's Sign

Pain of palpation of RUQ, causes patient to gasp. Indicative of gallbladder inflammation - cholecystitis/gallstones.

McBurney's Point

RLQ Pain - Indicates Appendicitis

RUQ - Organs

Liver, Gallbladder, Colon (Portion)

LUQ - Organs

Spleen, Stomach

RLQ - Organs

Ascending Colon, Cecum, Appendix, Small Intestine (Portion)

LLQ - Organs

Descending Colon, Sigmoid Colon, Small Intestine (Portion)

Most Damaging Radiation Type

Gamma Radiation

Arterial Muscle

More prominent the venous musculature.

Starling's Law

As cardiac muscle fibers are stretched, they are able to contract with greater force.

The greater the preload, the greater the force of contraction.

Septic Shock - SxS

AMS, increased HR, increased RR, feverish with flushed skin.

Decontamination Steps

Reduce Toxin Intake

Reduce Absorption of Toxin

Increase Elimination of Toxin

Epiglottis - 4D's

Dysphagia

Drooling

Dysphonia

Distress

Dysphagia

Difficulty/discomfort with swallowing, as a disease symptom.

Preload

Amount of blood returning to the ventricles.

The volume of blood returning to the heart.

O2 Concentration - Nasal Canula

24%-44%

O2 Concentration - Non-Rebreather

60%-90%

Suctioning - Method/Duration Intervals

Alternate suctioning for 15 seconds and ventilations for 2 minutes.

Kussmaul Respirations

Deep and rapid respirations to blow off excess CO2.

Common with DKA, metabolic acidosis or kidney failure.

Hemothorax - SxS

Hyperresonance/dullness upon percussion of the chest.

Heat Exhaustion - SxS

Temperature Less Than 104*

Sweating

Normal Mentation

Heat Stroke - SxS

Temperature Over 104-105

Throbbing Headache

Dizziness

Not Sweating

Red, Hot, Dry Skin

Muscle Weakness/Cramps

Nausea/Vomiting

Rapid HR

Rapid Shallow Breathing

AMS

Seizures

Loss of Consciousness

Rule of 9's - Pediatric

Anterior/Posterior Head - 9% Each

Anterior/Posterior Torson - 18% Each

Anterior/Posterior Arms - 4.5% Each

Anterior/Posterior Legs - 6.75% Each

Abruptio Placentae

Premature separation of placenta from uterine wall.

APGAR

Take immediately after birth and again 5 minutes later.

Appearance

Pulse

Grimace - Irritability

Activity

Respirations

Labor - Stages

Dilation

Expulsion

Placental

Supine Hypotension Syndrome

Pressure put on the inferior vena cava when a pregnant woman lies on her back.

Lay on her side to prevent.

Preeclampsia - SxS

HTN, Headache, Fluid Retention, Proteinuria

Progresses to eclampsia - seizures.

Severe - BP > 160/110

Larynx Fracture (Fx) - SxS

Stridor, Hoarseness, Hemoptysis, Difficulty Speaking

Cushing's Triad

Indicates ICP

Increased BP, Irregular Breathing, Decreased HR

CSF - Rx

Clean away fluid, do not apply pressure.

AAA - Rx

Abdominal Aortic Aneurism

Shooting pain that radiates down the legs, accompanied by numbness.

Rapid Transport

Gentle Handling

Unwitnessed Collapse/Arrest - Rx

2 minutes of CPR prior to attaching the AED (approx. 5 cycles).

H's & T's - H

Hypovolemia

Hypoxia

Hydrogen (Acidosis)

Hyperkalemia/Hypokalemia

Hypothermia

H's & T's - T

Tablets & Toxins

Tamponade (Cardiac)

Tension Pneumothorax

Thrombosis (Myocardial Infarction)

Thormboembolism (Pulmonary Embolism)

Trauma

Brain Damage - Begins After (of Cardiac Arrest)

4-6 Minutes

FROPVD - Contraindication

Flow-Restricted Oxygen-Powered Ventilation Device

Pediatric Patient

Suctioning - Rx for Induced Vomiting

Remove catheter and roll patient to their side, to limit back flow of vomit.

Shallow Breathing - Rx

Positive Pressure Ventilations

Flail Chest - Rx

Positive Pressure Ventilation

Reverses the mechanism that causes paradoxical chest wall movement, restoring tidal volume and reducing pain.

COPD: Acute Exacerbation - Rx (Medication)

Duo-Nebulizer (Ipratroprium Bromide/Albuterol) - in addition to bronchodilation, it has the side-effect of drying up bronchial secretions.

Combitube - Contraindications

Under 16yo

Caustic Substance Ingestion

Gag-Reflex

Abruptio Placentae - Classifications

Grade 0: Asymptomatic

Grade 1: Marginal

Grade 2: Central

Grade 3: Complete

Prolapsed Umbilical Cord - Rx

Place two fingers in the birth canal, keeping the baby's head from crimping occluding the cord.

Pregnancy BP - 2nd Trimester

Decreases 10-15mmHG

Pre-Birth Hemorrhage - Rx

High-Flow Oxygen

Rapid Transport

Cover Vaginal Opening with Sanitary Napkin

Head Trauma - AMS, Confused, Combative Patient Refusing Treatment

Restrain and Treat

MCI Triage - IMMEDIATE

Breathing with a Pulse

Posturing

Incomprehensible Sounds

Cannot Localize Painful Stimuli

MCI Triage - DELAYED

Breathing with a Pulse

Responsive to Painful Stimuli

MCI Triage - MINOR

Patient is walking.

MCI Triage - DECEASED

Pulseless

Apneic

MCI Triage - Apneic with a Pulse

Reposition airway and provide 5 rescue breaths. If the patient remains apneic, they are to be tagged as DECEASED. If they begin breathing again, tag them as IMMEDIATE.

DUMBELS

Nerve Agent Poisoning

Defecation

Urination

Miosis

Bradycardia

Emesis

Lacrimation

Salivation

Early Shock - Oft Overlooked Sign

Tachycardia - commonly overlooked as other vitals appear normal, it is easy to attribute increased HR to other factors.

Rule of 9's - Adult

Anterior/Posterior Head - 4.5% Each

Anterior/Posterior Torso - 18% Each

Anterior/Posterior Arms - 4.5% Each

Anterior/Posterior Legs - 9% Each

Getitalia - 1%

Hyphema

Blood in the anterior chamber of the eye, appearing as a reddish tinge or pool at the bottom of the iris or cornea. Must be evaluated quickly or the patient risks losing his eye.

AEIOU-TIPS

Alcohol

Epilepsy

Insulin

Oxygen

Uremia

Toxins

Infections

Psych

Stroke

Hemorrhage Stages - 4

Blood loss > 35%

CMS

Circulation

Motor Function

Sensation

BVM Ventilation - 1 second of Inspiration (Volume)

600mL

Neonate (0-1 month)

90-180 pulse, respiration's 30-60, systolic blood pressure 50-70 , temperature: 98 to 100

Infant (1mo-1yr)

100-160 pulse, respirations 25-50, systolic pressure 70-95,

Toddler (1-3 years)

90-150 pulse, respiration's 20-30, systolic blood pressure 80-100 , temperature: 96.8-99.6

Adult

60-100 pulse, respirations 12-20, systolic bp 90-140

respiratory acidosis

A drop blood pH due to hypoventilation (too little breathing) and a resulting accumulation of Co2. headaches, red, nausea and vomiting Treat underlying cause

respiratory alkalosis

Arise in blood pH due to hyperventilation (excessive breathing) and a resulting decrease in CO2. decreased loc, chest tightness, tingling

metabolic acidosis

decreased pH in blood and body tissues as a result of an upset in metabolism

metabolic alkalosis

elevation of HCO3- usually caused by an excessive loss of metabolic acids

Cheyne-Stokes

alternating periods of slow, irregular breathing and rapid, shallow breathing; indicates brain stem injury

Kussmaul respirations

very deep and rapid respirations: diabetic coma or ketoacidosis

Biot respirations

irregular respirations varying in depth and interrupted by intervals of apnea that lacks repetitive pattern (ICP)

Central neurogenic hyperventilation

rapid deep breaths; (ICP)

agonal gasps

slow, gasping breaths, sometimes seen in dying patients

CPAP

continuous positive airway pressure; patient is alert, distress breathing, low pulse ox, no chest trauma

cardiogenic shock

Shock caused by inadequate function of the heart, or pump failure.

Distrubtive shock

mechanism: vasodilation (injury, drugs, sepsis, anaphylaxis)