IPS1 - [Liquid Dosage Forms] - Tinctures, Fluidextracts, And Extracts

Proverbs 16:3

Tinctures

These are alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of chemicals or soluble constituents of VEGETABLES drugs.

15% to 80%

[TINCTURES]

Alcohol content of tinctures varies from ___ to ___

10%

[TINCTURES]

API content of tinctures is usually ___%

● According to Method of Preparation

● According to Strength of Active Ingredient

● According to Intended Use

● According to Alcohol Content

[TINCTURES]

Variations of official tinctures

● By Extraction Method

● By Simple Solution Method

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO METHOD OF PREPARATION]

Methods of preparation for tinctures include:

● Maceration Method

● Percolation Method

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO METHOD OF PREPARATION]

Extraction methods used in tinctures

Maceration Method

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO METHOD OF PREPARATION]

This method is also known as PROCESS M.

Compound Benzoin Tincture

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO METHOD OF PREPARATION]

Example of tincture under MACERATION method

Percolation Method

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO METHOD OF PREPARATION]

This method is also known as PROCESS P.

● Belladonna Tincture

● Vanilla Tincture

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO METHOD OF PREPARATION]

Example of tincture under PERCOLATION method

Simple Solution method

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO METHOD OF PREPARATION]

This method of preparation is employed for tinctures of CHEMICAL substances.

● Iodine Tincture

● Thimerosal Tincture

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO METHOD OF PREPARATION]

Examples of tincture under SIMPLE SOLUTION METHOD

10%

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO THE STRENGTH OF ACTIVE INGREDIENT]

% strength of POTENT drugs

20%

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO THE STRENGTH OF ACTIVE INGREDIENT]

% strength of NON POTENT drugs

50%

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO THE STRENGTH OF ACTIVE INGREDIENT]

% strength of UNDRIED fresh fruit peel

Belladona Tincture

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO THE STRENGTH OF ACTIVE INGREDIENT]

Example of tinctures from POTENT drugs (10% strength)

Tolu Balsam Tincture

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO THE STRENGTH OF ACTIVE INGREDIENT]

Example of tinctures from NON POTENT drugs (20% strength)

Sweet Orange Peel Tincture

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO THE STRENGTH OF ACTIVE INGREDIENT]

Example of tinctures from UNDRIED fresh fruit peel (50% strength)

● Medicated

● Non-medicated (Flavoring agents)

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO THEIR INTENDED USE]

Tinctures can be ___ and ___ according to their use.

● Oral

● Topical

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO THEIR INTENDED USE]

Route of administration for medicated tinctures

● Unpleasant tasting

● High alcohol content

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO THEIR INTENDED USE]

Disadvantages of ORAL tinctures

● Paregoric Tincture (Camphorated Opium Tincture)

● Belladonna Tincture

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO THEIR INTENDED USE]

Examples of ORAL tinctures

Camphorated Opium Tincture

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO THEIR INTENDED USE]

Paregoric tinctures are also known as ___

Paregoric Tincture (Camphorated Opium Tincture)

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO THEIR INTENDED USE]

This medicated tincture is used in DIARRHEA.

Belladona Tincture

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO THEIR INTENDED USE]

This medicated tincture is used in ARTHRITIS and IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME.

Topical tinctures

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO THEIR INTENDED USE]

These tinctures can cause STINGING sensation when applied to abraded or broken skin.

● Compound Benzoin Tincture

● Iodine Tincture

● Thimerosal Tincture

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO THEIR INTENDED USE]

Examples of TOPICAL tinctures

Compound Benzoin Tincture

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO THEIR INTENDED USE]

This topical tincture is used as a TOPICAL PROTECTANT.

Iodine Tincture

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO THEIR INTENDED USE]

This topical tincture is used as a GERMICIDE.

Thimerosal Tincture

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO THEIR INTENDED USE]

This topical tincture is used as an ANTISEPTIC.

● Vanilla Tincture

● Sweet Orange Peel Tincture

● Tolu Balsam Tincture

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO THEIR INTENDED USE]

Examples of NON MEDICATED tinctures used as FLAVORING AGENTS.

17% to 21 % alcohol

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO THEIR ALCOHOL CONTENT]

Alcohol content of OPIUM TINCTURE.

74% to 80% alcohol

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO THEIR ALCOHOL CONTENT]

Alcohol content of COMPOUND BENZOIN TINCTURE.

44% to 50% alcohol

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO THEIR ALCOHOL CONTENT]

Alcohol content of IODINE TINCTURE.

50% alcohol

[TINCTURES ACCORDING TO THEIR ALCOHOL CONTENT]

Alcohol content of THIMEROSAL TINCTURE.

Aging

[TINCTURES]

This can cause the precipitation of the INACTIVE constituents in tinctures.

Glycerin

[TINCTURES]

This may be added to increase the solubility of the active constituents and reduce precipitation during storage.

Light-resistant container

[TINCTURES]

Container for tinctures

Extractives

These are obtained from plants and are commonly called GALENICALS

Galenicals

[EXTRACTIVES

Extractives are commonly called ___

● Tinctures

● Fluidextracts

● Extracts

[EXTRACTIVES]

Extractives can be classified into:

● Maceration

● Percolation

● Infusion

● Digestion

● Decoction

[EXTRACTIVES]

Methods of extraction for extractives

Maceration

[METHODS OF EXTRACTION FOR EXTRACTIVES]

Soaking of the drug in solvent

Percolation

[METHODS OF EXTRACTION FOR EXTRACTIVES]

Slow passage of solvent through drug column

Infusion

[METHODS OF EXTRACTION FOR EXTRACTIVES]

Steeping or drenching vegetable drugs in HOT or COLD water

Digestion

[METHODS OF EXTRACTION FOR EXTRACTIVES]

Maceration with gentle heat (40-60°C)

Decoction

[METHODS OF EXTRACTION FOR EXTRACTIVES]

Process of boiling vegetable substances with water to extract the soluble principles

40 C to 60 C

[METHODS OF EXTRACTION FOR EXTRACTIVES]

Temperature required for DIGESTION

Fluidextracts

These are liquid extracts of vegetable drugs that contain ALCOHOL as a solvent, preservative, or both.

Fluidextracts

These are liquid extracts of vegetable drugs where each 1 mL contains the therapeutic constituents of 1 g of the standard drug it represents.

Fluidextracts

These are considered to be TOO POTENT for self administration and TOO BITTER.

Percolation

[FLUIDEXTRACTS]

Fluidextracts are prepared by ____ method

100% tinctures

[FLUIDEXTRACTS]

Fluidextracts are sometimes referred to as _____

Sweetening or flavoring agents

[FLUIDEXTRACTS]

Fluidextracts are used today as:

Extracts

These are CONCENTRATED preparations of vegetable or animal drugs obtained by removal of the active constituents of the respective drugs with suitable menstrua, evaporation of all or nearly all of the solvent, and adjustment of the residual masses or powders to the prescribed standards.

● Extracting active constituents with suitable menstruum

● Evaporating nearly all the solvent

● Adjusting the mass or powder to standard

[EXTRACTS]

Extracts are concentrated preparations of vegetable or animal drugs obtained by:

● Semi-Liquid Extracts

● Pilular or Solid Extracts

● Powdered Extracts

[EXTRACTS]

Three forms of extracts

Semi-Liquid Extracts

[FORMS OF EXTRACTS]

This form has a SYRUPY consistency.

Pilular extracts

[FORMS OF EXTRACTS]

This form is also known as SOLID extracts.

Pilular or Solid Extracts

[FORMS OF EXTRACTS]

This form has a PLASTIC consistency.

Pilular or Solid Extracts

[FORMS OF EXTRACTS]

This form is preferred in compounding OINTMENTS, PASTES, SUPPOSITORIES, and PILLS.

● Ointments

● Pastes

● Suppositories

● Pills

[FORMS OF EXTRACTS]

Pilular extracts are preferred in compounding:

Pure Glycyrrhiza Extract, USP

[FORMS OF EXTRACTS]

Example of PILULAR extracts.

Powdered Extracts

[FORMS OF EXTRACTS]

This form has DRY consistency.

Powdered Extracts

[FORMS OF EXTRACTS]

This form is preferred in compounding POWDERS, TABLETS, and CAPSULES.

● Powders

● Tablets

● Capsules

[FORMS OF EXTRACTS]

Powder extracts are preferred in compounding:

Belladona Extract, USP

[FORMS OF EXTRACTS]

Example of POWDER extracts