iran test vocab

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mahmoud ahmadinejad

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49 Terms

1

mahmoud ahmadinejad

president of Iran from 2005-2013

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2

ashura

the most important shia religious holiday, commemorating the death of Hussein (martyr), the grandson of Muhammad

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3

assembly of experts

elected body that chooses the supreme leader

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4

ayatollah

in shiite islam, a title in the religious hierarchy achieved by scholars who have demonstrated highly advanced knowledge of Islamic law and religion

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5

basij

“people’s militia”, which serves as a public morals police

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6

bonyads

parastatal autonomous charity organizations that lets the government move money around while also giving to the poor

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7

chief justice

head of judiciary

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8

constitutional revolution

1906 uprising against the Qajar dynasty by secular and religious leaders to limit the power of the monarchy and resist Western imperialism

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9

expediency council

appointed body with 39 members that mediates between the majlis and the guardian council over legislative disputes

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10

farsi

language of iran

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11

Guardian council

appointed body of 12 members (half by the supreme leader, half by the chief justice) that vets candidates for office and can overturn legislation

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12

imams

descendants of the prophet muhammad, considered by shia muslims to be the true political and religious leaders of iran

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13

iran-iraq war

1980-1988 conflict between the two countries which was started by iraq

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14

islamic republic of iran

name for post-revolutionary iran

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15

islamism/islamic fundamentalism

the belief that islam should be the source of the political regime

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16

ayatollah ali khamenei

current supreme leader of iran from 1989

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17

mohammad khatami

president of iran from 1997-2005

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18

ayatollah ruhollah khomeini

the first supreme leader of iran from 1980 to his death in 1989

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19

quran

central holy book of islam

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20

mahdi

in shiism, a term for the “hidden imam”, the descendant of muhammad who will return to earth to usher in a new age

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21

majlis

legislature of iran with 290 members who serve 4 year

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22

mohammad mosaddeq

prime minister of iran who was killed in operation ajax

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23

muhammad

main prophet of islam

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24

national front

political party in iran following WWII, it opposed the monarchy and favored greater iranian control over national resources which was outlawed after operation ajax

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25

operation ajax

us and uk backed overthrow of the iranian prime minister mosaddeq in 1953

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26

mohammad reza pahlavi

monarch if iran from 1941-1979

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27

reza shah pahlavi

monarch of iran from 1925-1941

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28

persia

name for iran before 1935

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29

president

the head of government

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30

principalists

term for political conservatives in iran who oppose liberalization and political reform

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31

quietist

description of view within shiism that rejects theocracy and that direct role of religion in the state

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32

ali akbar hashemi rafsanjani

president of iran from 1989-1997 and the current head of the expediency council

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33

revolutionary guard

paramilitary force charged with defending the regime from domestic and internal enemies

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34

hassan rouhani

president of iran from 2013 to 2021

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35

SAVAK

secret police of pre-revolutionary iran

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36

second khordad front

reformist alliance that emerged in iran to contest 2000 majlis elections

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37

sharia

religious law of islam

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38

shiism

minority sect of islam that differs from sunnism over the rightful heir and proper descendants of Muhammad, majority in iran

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39

supreme leader

chief spiritual and political leader of iran

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40

theocracy

rule by religion

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41

ummah

“community”, refers to all islamic communities

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42

velayat-e faqih

rule by islamic jurists, also, iran’s political system which places power in the hands of clerics

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43

white revolution

policy of reforms enacted by reza shah, beginning in 1963, to rapidly modernize and westernize iran

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44

hardliners

another term for principalists

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45

Ebrahim Raisi

current president of iran since 2021, won in a probably rigged election

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46

safavids

conquered iran in the 16th century and converted the population to shiism, lasted until 1722

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47

qajar dynasty

made shiism the official religion of iran and moved the capital to tehran, lasted from 1794 to 1922 and suffered because of imperialism

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48

green movement

a social movement born out of the corruption in the 2009 presidential election

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49

cultural revolution

launched by the shia leaders which aimed to purify the country from the shah’s regime, secular values, and western influences

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