Biology unit 2 study guide
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Last updated 12:02 PM on 9/28/22
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20 Terms
1
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Crossover
exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids resulting in chromosomes that incorporate genes from both parents of the organism
2
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Fertilization
union of two haploid cells from two individual organisms
3
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germ cells
specialized cell line that produces gametes, such as eggs or sperm
4
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life cycle
the sequence of events in the development of an organism and the production of cells that produce offspring
5
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meiosis
a nuclear division process that results in four haploid cells
6
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meiosis I
first round of meiotic cell division; referred to as reduction division because the ploidy level is reduced from diploid to haploid
7
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meiosis II
second round of meiotic cell division following meiosis I; sister chromatids are separated into individual chromosomes, and the result is four unique haploid cells
8
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recombination nodules
protein assemblies formed on the synaptonemal complex that mark the points of crossover events and mediate the multistep process of genetic recombination between nonsister chromatids
9
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reduction division
nuclear division that produces daughter nuclei each having one-half as many chromosome sets as the parental nucleus; meiosis I is a reduction division
10
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somatic cell
all the cells of a multicellular organism except the gametes or reproductive cells
11
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Crossover
exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids resulting in chromosomes that incorporate genes from both parents of the organism
12
New cards
Fertilization
union of two haploid cells from two individual organisms
13
New cards
germ cells
specialized cell line that produces gametes, such as eggs or sperm
14
New cards
life cycle
the sequence of events in the development of an organism and the production of cells that produce offspring
15
New cards
meiosis
a nuclear division process that results in four haploid cells
16
New cards
meiosis I
first round of meiotic cell division; referred to as reduction division because the ploidy level is reduced from diploid to haploid
17
New cards
meiosis II
second round of meiotic cell division following meiosis I; sister chromatids are separated into individual chromosomes, and the result is four unique haploid cells
18
New cards
recombination nodules
protein assemblies formed on the synaptonemal complex that mark the points of crossover events and mediate the multistep process of genetic recombination between nonsister chromatids
19
New cards
reduction division
nuclear division that produces daughter nuclei each having one-half as many chromosome sets as the parental nucleus; meiosis I is a reduction division
20
New cards
somatic cell
all the cells of a multicellular organism except the gametes or reproductive cells