PHLT 301 EXAM TWO GRIFFITH

Stages to inductive reasoning

observation-> pattern->hypothesis->theory

Stages of Deductive Reasoning

theory-> hypothesis-> observation-> confirmation

The two major types of data

qualitative and quantitative

qualitative data

-gender

-ethnicity

education level

- descriptive

-observable characteristics

Quantitative

- numerical

-measure or counts

-age

-income

-date of birth

categorical data

binomial data: two categories: true/false, yes/no

nominal data: categories that do not have an implicit rank/order: eye color, city name

ordinal data: categories that have an implicit rank/order: educational level, level of agreement

Numeric data

discrete: specific value, count or tally

whole numbers

-number of students

-count of attendees

Continuous: value within a range

- do not have to be whole numbers

-grades, weight, height

Accuracy

how close a measurement is to the true value

precision

how close measurements are to each other

Reliability

repeatable: getting the same outcome when the same operator measures the same part multiple times

reproducibility: getting same outcome when different operators measure the same part

"the ________ and ___________ of the ________________ and ___________ of health relates states and the _____________ of this study to the control of diseases

study, analysis, distribution, determinants, application- world health organization

types of epi

descriptive: look at patterns, focus on person, place, time- who, what, where, when= condition, person, place, time

analytical: hypothesis testing, specialized knowledge - why/how- risk factors, modes of transmission

GIS is a ____________________________ tools used to store, ______________, analyze, and __________ geographic data

computer-based, visualize, interpret,- CDC

Social Vulnerability

refers to the resilience of communities when confronted by external stresses on human health ,stresses such as natural or human-caused disasters, or disease outbreaks. Reducing social vulnerability can decrease both human suffering and economic loss.• CDC•

A health ______________ is an act performed for _______________ or on behalf of a population whose purpose is to assess, improve,_________________, promote, _______

intervention, with, maintain, or modify health- WHO

cultural competence

the ability to interact effectively with people of different cultures

social network analysis

maps and measures relationships: people, groups, orgs

node

person, object, group

link

relationship

"fulfilling __________ interest in ___________ _________ in which people can healthy

societies assuring conditions- institute of medicine

"public health __________ are principles and _________ that guide actions to ___________ health and ________ injury and __________ among the ___________

ethics, values, promote, prevent, disease, population

- LO Gostin

Field of study in public health ethics

Understand and clarify principles and values that guide public health actions and are used to justify decision making

field of practice in public health

application of relevant principles and values to public health decision making

- Identify and clarify the ethical dilemma posed

- analyze it in terms of alternative courses of action and their consequences

-resolving the dilemma by deciding which course of action best incorporates and balances the guiding principles and values

public health law is found in

- constitutions

-treaties

-statutes

-regulations

-common law

the sides of the see-saw

-public goods

-individual liberties

what type of data would be needed to find a dog

-color (qualitative)

-breed (qual and cat.)

-collar (binomial: if it is present or absent)

where you live (discrete)

-last seen (continuous)

Numerical data is either

discrete- whole numbers

continuous- value in a range

does nominal data have order?

no

Epidemiology

study and analysis of distinct or determinants of health-related states or events and the application of this study to the control diseases an other health problems

a pie chart is what type of data?

Categorical, numerical

two basic elements of GIS are:

data and location

cultural competence

some interventions in one community may not fit in another community

social network analysis

interconnected, people to people, how to fit together

Six Degrees of Separation

You are just six introductions away from any other person on the planet. Evidences founded by Stanley Milgram by sending letters out to people in Nebraska asking them to send a letter to a Stockbroker in Boston or to someone that might know the Stockbroker.

cons of SNA

time-consuming, just a snapshot, not most accurate if people do not remember who they have been in contact with

typhoid mary

A cook who carried typhoid fever and passed it on to many people in and around New York City in the early 20th century. The term is often applied to the carrier of a contagious disease, or, more generally, to anyone who brings bad luck.