cell transport

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

carrier protein

a protein that transports substances across a cell membrane

isotonic solution

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the solution

hypotonic solution

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution

hypertonic solution

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution

Plasmolysis

Collapse of a walled cell's cytoplasm due to a lack of water

Cytolysis

When animal cells such as red blood cells swell and burst

anchor proteins

attach to other proteins to help maintain cell structure and shape

glycoproteins and glycolipids

involved in cell to cell recognition

phopholipid bilayer

Main part of the membrane; common to all cells; seperates internal cell from external cell; made up of hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

cholesterol in membranes

in cell membrane, helps regulate fluidity or stiffness of membrane but also generate all steroid hormones

Exocytosis

Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material

Pinocytosis

Cell drinking

Phagocytosis

Cell eating

Tonicity of a solution

relates to how the solution influences the shape of body cells

Lipids, small molecules , uncharged molecules

permeable to cell membrane

large molecules, charged ions like sodium

impermeable to cell membrane

proton pump

An active transport protein in a cell membrane that uses ATP to transport hydrogen ions out of a cell against their concentration gradient, generating a membrane potential in the process.

active transport

Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference

passive transport

Requires NO energy, Movement of molecules from high to low concentration, Moves with the concentration gradient

Plasmolysis

This happens when a cell shrinks inside its cell wall while the cell wall remains intact.

Cytolysis

The rupturing of a cell due to excess internal pressure.

channel proteins

proteins that provide passageways through the membrane for certain hydrophilic (water-soluble) substances such as polar and charged molecules

integral proteins

penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer

peripheral proteins

bound to the surface of the membrane