Primitive Reflexes

when does the ATNR (asymmetrical tonic neck) reflex appear?

20 weeks gestation

when does the ATNR reflex integrate (disappear)?

4-5 months

what is the stimulus that causes ATNR?

turning of the head

what is the response to the stimulus (turning of head) with ATNR reflex?

facial arm extends and abducts

occipital arm flexes and abducts

when does the rooting reflex appear?

28 weeks gestation

when does the rooting reflex integrate (disappear)?

3 months

what is the stimulus for the rooting reflex?

touch to the perioral area of hungry infant

what is the response to the stimulus for the rooting reflex?

turns head and lips toward stimulus

when does the suck-swallow reflex appear?

28-34 weeks gestation

when does the suck-swallow reflex integrate (disappear)?

5 months

what stimulus causes the suck swallow reflex?

touch to lips and inside mouth for sucking and liquid for swallowing

what is the response to the stimulus for a suck swallow reflex?

rhythmic excursions of jaw

tongue rides up and down with jaw

then swallow

when does the palmar grasp reflex appear?

28 weeks gestation

when does the palmar grasp integrate (disappear)?

4-7 months

what is the stimulus to elicit the palmar grasp reflex?

pressure on palm of hand

what is the response to the stimulus for palmar grasp reflex?

flexion of fingers

when does the plantar grasp reflex appear?

28 weeks gestation

when does the plantar grasp integrate (disappear)?

9 months

what is the stimulus to elicit the plantar grasp reflex?

supported standing on the feet or pressure to sole of the foot just distal to the metatarsal heads

what is the response to the stimulus for plantar grasp reflex?

flexion of the toes

when does the flexor withdrawal response appear?

28 weeks gestation

when does the flexor withdrawal reflex integrate?

1-2 months

what is the stimulus for the flexor withdrawal reflex?

noxious stimulus to the sole of the foot

what is the response for the flexor withdrawal reflex?

flexion withdrawal of leg

when does the crossed extension reflex appear?

28 weeks gestation

when does the crossed extension reflex integrate?

1-2 months (but inconsistent)

what stimulus causes the crossed extension reflex?

noxious stimulus to sole of foot

what is the response to the stimulus of the crossed extension reflex?

flexion of stimulated leg and then extension of opposite leg with adduction

when does the galant (trunk incurvation) reflex appear?

28 weeks gestation

when does the galant (trunk incurvation) reflex disappear?

3 months (inconsistent)

what is the stimulus to cause the galant (trunk incurvation) reflex?

in prone, stroke paravertebral skin

what is the response to the stimulus for the galant (trunk incurvation) reflex?

lateral curvature of the trunk on stimulated side

when does the moro reflex appear?

28 weeks gestation

when does the moro reflex integrate?

3-5 months

what stimulus causes the moro reflex?

head drop backward

(stimulus for the startle response reflex is loud noise with the same response)

what is the response to the stimulus for the moro reflex?

abduction and extension of the arms, splaying of fingers

may be followed by arm flexion and adduction

when does the positive support reflex appear?

35 weeks gestation

when does the positive support reflex integrate?

1-2 months; but inconsistent

what is the stimulus to cause the positive support reflex?

balls of feet in contact with firm surface

what is the response to the stimulus for the positive support reflex?

legs extend to support weight

when does the automatic walking reflex appear?

37 weeks gestation

when does the automatic walking reflex integrate?

3-4 months

what is the stimulus to cause the automatic walking reflex?

hold upright with feet on support

what is the response to the stimulus to cause the automatic walking reflex?

high stepping movement with regular rhythm

when does the symmetrical tonic neck (STNR) reflex appear?

4-6 months after full-term delivery

when does the symmetrical tonic neck reflex (STNR) integrate?

8-12 months

what is the stimuli to cause the symmetrical tonic neck reflex (STNR)?

flexion or extension of the head

what is the response to the stimulus for the symmetrical tonic neck reflex (STNR)?

with head flexion, arms flex and hips extend

with head extension the arms extend an hips flex