Lecture 3: Cell Signalling

Soluble, secretable proteins and transmembrane proteins are made in the:

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

________ ________ are responsible for transferring materials to the various organelles.

carrier vesicles.

________ proteins remain in the organelles or vesicles from the secretory pathway.

soluble.

________ proteins are embedded in the membrane from the secretorry pathway.

membrane.

Golgi serves to tag and sort molecules for ________.

secretion.

________ secretion makes materials continuously and are secreted in an unregulated fashion.

constitutive.

________ secretion makes materials continuously, but are secreted under regulatory control (ex. hormones, other signaling methods).

regulated.

________ transport moves large macromolecules and particles that are too big to eneter or leave cells through protein channels or carriers.

vesicular transoprt.

Vesicular transport uses membrane-bound compartments created from the ________ ________.

cell membrane.

Vesicular transport is a ________ dependent process.

energy.

Vesicular transport uses two processes to ________ and one to ________ material.

intake; output.

The two intake processes are:

phagocytosis, endocytosis.

The output process is:

exocytosis (secretion).

Clathrin and coatomers are ________ proteins.

coat.

Coat proteins help form the ________ shape of a vesicle from a planar membrane.

round.

Coat proteins are used on both ________ and ________.

endocytosis and exocytosis.

________ promote the docking and fusion of vesicles to their destination.

SNARE’s.

V-SNARE is the ________ snare while t-SNARE is the ________ SNARE.

vesicle; target.

________ disassemble the SNARE complex after fusion so they can be reused.

SNAP’s.

SNAREs and SNAPs are ________ dependent.

energy.

________is fluid-phase endocytosis.

pinocytosis.

Pinocytosis is ________ uptake of the ECF.

nonselective.

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is ________ uptake of large molecules.

selective.

Receptor-mediated endocytosis occurs in membrane regions containing high concentration of ________ proteins.

coat.

________-________ endocytosis requires receptor-ligand interaction.

receptor-mediated.

Receptor-mediated ________ transports a variety of substances including hormones, growth factors, and binding proteins into the cell.

endocytosis.

________ endocytosis is similar to receptor-mediated endocytosis but uses caveloae.

caveolae (potocytosis).

Caveolae are small indented pockets of membrane containing ________ ________ and lipid-anchored proteins.

lipid rafts.

Caveolae endocytosis (potocytosis) is used to concentrate and internalize ________ molecules.

small.

Caveolae endocytosis aids in the transfer of macromolecules across ________ ________.

capillary epithelium.

Phagocytosis is an ________-mediated process.

actin.

Phagocytosis is the engulfing of a bacterium or other large particle into a membrane-bound vesicle (________).

phagosome.

Phagosomes pinch off into the ________ to fuse with a lysosome.

ICF.

Lysosomes uses enzymes to destroy material in the ________.

phagosome.

Phagocytosis requires ________ to move the cytoskeletal elements and intracellular transport.

ATP.

Phagocytosis must be triggered by the ________ to be ingested.

substance.

Osmosis is the net diffusion of ________ across a membrane.

water.

Osmosis is dependent on water concentration/gradients, or ________ of the solution.

osmolality.

Osmosis is dependent on ________ pressure on either side of the membrane.

hydrostatic.

When a membrane is permeable to both water and solute, ________ will diffuse across the membrane and equilibrate.

both.

When a membrane is permeable to water and not a solute, ________ diffuses to the area of higher solute concentration until the opposing hydrostatic pressure occludes its flow.

water

Osmolarity describes the number of ________ in a given volume of solution.

particles (ions, intact molecules, or both).

Osmolarity says nothing about the ________ of the particles.

compostion.

Regarding the Na+/K+ pump, osmotic ________ is maintained by an equal number of positive and negative ions moving in and out of the cell.

equilibrium.

Tonicity is aka ________ osmality.

effective.