Week #3 Microbial Nutrition & Growth

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31 Terms

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Microbial Growth

An increase in the number of cells rather than an increase in size.

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Requirements for Microbial Growth

Microbes need to synthesize cell components like nucleic acids, proteins, lipid membranes, and cell walls.

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Sources Needed for Growth

Microbes require sources of carbon, energy, and electrons to grow and multiply.

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Microbial Grouping

Microbes are categorized into four basic groups based on their carbon and energy sources.

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Core Chemicals for Growth

Essential chemicals include nucleotides, amino acids, phospholipids, and sugars derived from macronutrients.

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Trace Elements

Micronutrients like copper, zinc, manganese, and molybdenum are essential for enzyme function.

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Capnophiles

Microbes that require higher concentrations of carbon dioxide and low oxygen levels for growth.

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Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Byproducts of aerobic metabolism that can damage cell structures.

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Protective Enzymes

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase help microbes eliminate the toxic effects of ROS.

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Catalase Test

A laboratory test used to differentiate bacterial species based on catalase production.

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Temperature Categories

Microbes are categorized based on their optimal growth temperature (psychrotrophs, mesophiles, etc.).

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Growth Temperature Effects

Minimum, maximum, and optimum growth temperatures affect microbial metabolism.

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pH Effects on Growth

Neutrophiles, acidophiles, and alkalinophiles have different optimal pH ranges for growth.

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Osmotic Pressure

The pressure exerted on bacterial cells by their environment, affecting their growth.

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Obligate Halophiles

Microbes that require high salt concentrations for growth.

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Biofilms

Complex structures formed by microbes in mixed communities that can impact human health.

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Pure Cultures

Culturing microbes in isolation from mixed communities for study and identification.

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Aseptic Techniques

Methods used to prevent contamination during microbial culture.

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Clinical Specimen Collection

Proper collection and handling of specimens to avoid contamination and ensure accurate diagnosis.

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Quadrant Streaking

A technique used to isolate bacterial species from clinical specimens.

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Serial Dilutions

A method for quantifying microbial populations by diluting specimens before plating.

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Selective Media

Media that inhibit the growth of some organisms while promoting others.

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Differential Media

Media that allow for the differentiation of organisms based on specific characteristics.

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Fastidious Bacteria

Bacteria that require specific nutrients or conditions for growth.

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Anaerobic Cultures

Techniques and media used to culture obligate anaerobes that cannot tolerate oxygen.

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Bacterial Preservation

Methods like refrigeration, deep-freezing, and lyophilization to store bacterial cultures.

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Binary Fission

The asexual reproduction process by which bacterial cells divide.

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Generation Time

The time required for a bacterial population to double in number.

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Microbial Growth Curve

Phases of growth observed in a closed system, including lag, log, stationary, and death phases.

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Direct Methods of Measuring Growth

Techniques like direct microscopic counts and viable plate counts.

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Indirect Methods of Measuring Growth

Techniques like turbidity measurements using a spectrophotometer.